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Naturally Occurring Polymers—Animals
Published in Charles E. Carraher, Carraher's Polymer Chemistry, 2017
We are learning external ways to identify activities (actions) that may be related to our genome makeup. One of these observations involves changes in the capacity of individuals to “learn” with age. It appears that the ability to learn language, grammar precisely, decreases as we grow older and is most apparent in children. Thus, the ability to learn a language appears to be gene related. There are genetic conditions that are related to our linguistic ability. One example is the Williams syndrome in which the affected children have very low general intelligence, but have a vivid and loquacious ability to use language chattering on in long and elaborate sentences. Thus, they have a heightened ability to learn language. The Williams syndrome is caused by a change in a gene found on chromosome 11.
Cognitive-motor dual-task ability of athletes with and without intellectual impairment
Published in Journal of Sports Sciences, 2018
Debbie Van Biesen, Lore Jacobs, Katina McCulloch, Luc Janssens, Yves C. Vanlandewijck
We assessed MOT and balance control under ST conditions first, and as expected we found reduced balance control and reduced tracking skills in II-athletes compared to the athletes without II. With respect to the reduced tracking skills, this finding is supported by several other studies, involving people with specific types of IIs. Affected tracking skills have been demonstrated in populations with different types of II. For example, in young (18–38 years) people with Williams Syndrome, with an IQ ranging from borderline mild (60–80) to moderate (35–50) (O’Hearn, Hoffman, & Landau, 2010), children (7–14 years) with 22Q.11.2 deletion syndrome (IQ = 77.5 ± 11.0) (Cabaral et al., 2012) and young people (age = 15.1 ± 3.4) with Down syndrome (Brodeur et al., 2013). respectively.