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Biological safety considerations
Published in C M Langton, C F Njeh, The Physical Measurement of Bone, 2016
Where HBV and HIV are the principal concerns, Virkon is usually the disinfectant of choice. It is deemed to be safer to humans than chlorine releasers as well as being a more effective viricide. Additionally the slight pink coloration means that the area covered is visible: hence one is less likely to miss areas when disinfecting large areas such as benches.
Tests of disinfection methods for invasive snails and zooplankton: effects of treatment methods and contaminated materials
Published in Lake and Reservoir Management, 2019
Bart T. De Stasio, Christopher N. Acy, Kathleen E. Frankel, Greta M. Fritz, Sarah D. Lawhun
Based on our findings, immersion in 2% Virkon Aquatic for at least 20 min is the most highly recommended procedure for decontaminating sampling gear. This method will reliably kill NZMS and faucet snails, as well as spiny water flea and bloody-red mysid. Spray application was also highly effective, allowing it to be used on larger equipment such as boats. Removing mud and other debris from gear before disinfection will likely increase effectiveness, especially when using spraying methods. Virkon Aquatic is 99.9% biodegradable and can be disposed of in sanitary sewers, but a drawback is that protective gear should be worn when mixing solutions (i.e., nitrile gloves and chemical splash goggles/face shields; WIDNR 2017). Rinsing treated materials with clean water is recommended to reduce possible degradation of equipment following repeated exposure to Virkon Aquatic. Both freezing and immersion in hot water could kill all animals, but the logistics of these methods make them less desirable as a general disinfection approach and more easily affected by how procedures are conducted. Given the effectiveness of hot water treatment, further testing of steam for disinfection should be examined, especially if portable steamers can be employed in the field. We hope the information provided by this study can be used by management agencies, such as the WIDNR, to aid in protecting natural resources by reducing the spread and limiting the potential economic, environmental, and human health impacts of AIS.