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Cell Culture Bioreactors
Published in Wei-Shou Hu, Cell Culture Bioprocess Engineering, 2020
Notable examples of industrial roller bottle processes include the production of erythropoietin (EPO) using recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cells and the production of live attenuated chickenpox (varicella) vaccine and herpes zoster (shingles) vaccine using the adherent secondary human lung fibroblast cell strain, MRC-5. In some manufacturing facilities, a fully automatic, robotic roller bottle handling system is available. However, a robotic system does not handle a large number of bottles in parallel, thus prolonging the duration of handling when a large number of roller bottles are to be processed. The virus inoculation step can be stretched for many hours, from starting the first bottle to finishing the last bottle, possibly making the production conditions less optimal.
Association between ambient temperature and varicella among adults in Qingdao, China during 2008-2019
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2023
Zixuan Wang, Xiaofan Li, Shanpeng Li, Jing Guan, Ping Hu, Wencheng Wang, Feng Yang, Dongfeng Zhang
Though varicella is generally mild and self-limiting, serious complications can occur, such as pneumonia, encephalitis, and even death (Giammanco et al. 2009). In 2014, the World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that there will be about 4.2 million severe varicella complications and approximately 4,200 related deaths per year globally (World Health Organization 2014). Even though the incidence of varicella in adults is lower than that in children, it has been proved that adults are more prone to develop severe complications than children (Giammanco et al. 2009). And varicella vaccine for children at target age is involved in expanded immunization program in Qingdao. But varicella vaccine for adults is outside the scope of the immunization program.