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Precision Immuno-Oncology: Prospects of Individualized Immunotherapy for Pancreatic Cancer
Published in Shaker A. Mousa, Raj Bawa, Gerald F. Audette, The Road from Nanomedicine to Precision Medicine, 2020
Jiajia Zhang, Christopher L. Wolfgang, Lei Zheng
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are the immune cell context direct interacting with the TME and have been shown to act either as a predictive or prognostic factor for treatment in various cancers [21–25]. In a study in colon cancer, the densities of CD3+, CD8+, granulysin, and granzyme B (GZMB)+, and CD45RO+ cells in each tumor region (tumor center and invasive margin) were shown to be prognostic [23]. In melanoma, a significant correlation was observed between the presence of both TILs and B7-H1 expression in the tumor microenvironment and the response to checkpoint blockade [26]. Nevertheless, only having positive PD-L1 expression and TILs is not sufficient for pancreatic cancer responding to anti-PD-1 therapies. In our study evaluating 24 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas from patients who received neoadjuvant GVAX vaccination, although essentially all the tumors have induction of TILs and PD-L1 expression, the survival of patients is correlated with the infiltration of myeloid cells [27]. Therefore, only a comprehensive characterization of the tumor-infiltrating immune cells would adequately support the precision medicine practice for pancreatic cancer.
Precision Immuno-Oncology: Prospects of Individualized Immunotherapy for Pancreatic Cancer
Published in Shaker A. Mousa, Raj Bawa, Gerald F. Audette, The Road from Nanomedicine to Precision Medicine, 2019
Jiajia Zhang, Christopher L. Wolfgang, Lei Zheng
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are the immune cell context direct interacting with the TME and have been shown to act either as a predictive or prognostic factor for treatment in various cancers [21–25]. In a study in colon cancer, the densities of CD3+, CD8+, granulysin, and granzyme B (GZMB)+, and CD45RO+ cells in each tumor region (tumor center and invasive margin) were shown to be prognostic [23]. In melanoma, a significant correlation was observed between the presence of both TILs and B7-H1 expression in the tumor microenvironment and the response to checkpoint blockade [26]. Nevertheless, only having positive PD-L1 expression and TILs is not sufficient for pancreatic cancer responding to anti-PD-1 therapies. In our study evaluating 24 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas from patients who received neoadjuvant GVAX vaccination, although essentially all the tumors have induction of TILs and PD-L1 expression, the survival of patients is correlated with the infiltration of myeloid cells [27]. Therefore, only a comprehensive characterization of the tumor-infiltrating immune cells would adequately support the precision medicine practice for pancreatic cancer.
An immune cell infiltration landscape classification to predict prognosis and immunotherapy effect in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2023
Tumor immunotherapy includes stimulating the immune system, proliferating and stimulating effector cells to infiltrate the tumor microenvironment (TME), and destroying tumor cells (Arneth 2019). For the past few years, the significance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in treating various tumors has become a research hotspot. TILs include lots of immune cells, such as T cells, B cells, natural killer cells, and macrophages (Kruger et al. 2019). In addition, the antitumor effect of immune cells is being thoroughly studied. CD4+ T cells have been reported to differentiate into various effector cells and can act as helper cells, killing tumor cells through B cells and NK cells. Furthermore, CD4+ T cells can differentiate into T regulatory cells (Tregs), which is critical for maintaining self-tolerance and accomplished by an immunosuppressive mechanism that inhibits the proliferation of other T cells and the production of cytokines (Plitas and Rudensky 2016; Beyar-Katz and Gill 2018). Unlike T cells, NK cells may kill tumor cells by restricting immunoglobulin-like receptors that recognize major histocompatibility class I complexes (Stringaris and Barrett 2017).