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Nanodevices for Early Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease: Advances, Challenges, and Way Ahead
Published in Alok Dhawan, Sanjay Singh, Ashutosh Kumar, Rishi Shanker, Nanobiotechnology, 2018
Alok Pandya, Madhuri Bollapalli
Myoglobin, although not a very specific marker, is the first marker released within 4 hr of damage to myocardial muscle cells. B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), and CRP are released after myoglobin, but they are specific markers for coronary events (Jaffe et al., 2010). BNP is useful for the emergency diagnosis of heart failure and for the prognosis in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACSs) (Yang et al., 2009). CRP is an important prognostic indicator of CVR and ACS. cTnI has become a standard marker for the detection of acute myocardial infarction (Apple, 2007). During heart infarction, troponin T (TnT) is immediately released to the bloodstream. A biosensor capable of monitoring this biomarker in a short time could improve patient care by allowing a definite diagnosis of myocardial infarction in real time (Han et al., 2016). Elevated concentrations of these cardiac markers in serum are associated with recurrent CVD events and higher death rates. Simultaneous quantification of these biomarkers allows clinicians to diagnose CVD quickly and/or accurately design a patient care strategy. A fast and reliable detection of these proteins would also help medical professionals differentiate diseases among those showing similar symptoms. The clinically significant sensing ranges of myoglobin, BNP, cTnI, and CRP are extremely low (pM to nM); therefore, assay methods for these biomarkers need to be highly sensitive.
Nanopharmaceuticals in Cardiovascular Medicine
Published in Harishkumar Madhyastha, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Nanopharmaceuticals in Regenerative Medicine, 2022
Ramandeep Singh, Anupam Mittal, Maryada Sharma, Ajay Bahl, Madhu Khullar
Troponins are a group of proteins found in the cardiac muscles and skeletal muscles that help to control and regulate the contraction of the muscles. There are three variants of the protein troponin, i.e., troponin I, troponin C, and troponin T. In case of cardiovascular diseases where cardiomyocytes are damaged, troponin C and troponin I are expressed in higher quantities in blood. The levels of both troponin C and troponin I are undetectable in normal conditions; therefore, they serve as potential biomarkers for cardiovascular diseases. Efforts are being made into developing these two biomolecules into biomarkers (Park et al., 2020).
Calling 118
Published in Norbert Majerus, George Taninecz, Winning Innovation, 2022
Norbert Majerus, George Taninecz
“Junior, you’re going to have a cardiac catherization in a few minutes,” says Dr. Meglio. “The EKG info points to a heart attack, and the blood test already shows elevated levels of troponin, which also indicates myocardial infarction.”
Hydroxychloroquine improves high-fat-diet-induced obesity and organ dysfunction via modulation of lipid level, oxidative stress, and inflammation
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2023
Mohamed A Hasan, Omar A. Ammar, Maher A Amer, Azza I Othman, Fawzia Zigheber, Mohamed A El-Missiry
Serum lipid fraction levels, including total lipids, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), were assessed using colorimetric test kits purchased from Spinreact (Girona, Spain). Friedewald’s formula was used to calculate the level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) [19]. Creatine kinase myocardial band (CK-MB) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) activities in the serum were estimated in accordance with the standard methods using kits purchased from BioSystems (Barcelona, Spain). Serum troponin T level was determined using the sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique kit purchased from Kamiya Biomedical (Seattle, USA). Lipid peroxidation was determined by estimating the amount of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) according to the manufacturer’s instructions (FineTest, Wuhan, China). Glutathione (GSH) concentration and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were estimated using kits supplied by Biodiagnostic (Giza, Egypt). Serum IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α levels were assessed using ELISA kits purchased from BosterBio (California, USA) and ElisaGenie (London, UK). Leptin and adiponectin were measured in serum using an ELISA mouse leptin immunoassay kit (Catalog No: MOB00) and ELISA mouse Adiponectin/Acrp30 immunoassay kit (Catalog No: MRP300) obtained from R & D systems, MN, USA. Plasma D-dimer was determined using the Innovance D-dimer assay (Siemens, Marburg, Germany).
The effects of a multi-day cross-country mountain bike race on myocardial function, stress, inflammation and cardiac biomarkers in amateur master athletes
Published in Research in Sports Medicine, 2022
Einat Kodesh, Dalya Navot-Mintzer, Liora Livshitz, Idit Shub, Tsafrir Or
The clinical significance of the transient rise in serum biomarkers of myocardial damage, including Troponin and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-Pro BNP) after performing endurance sports is yet to be determined (Donaldson et al., 2019; Parry-Williams et al., 2021). Repeated episodes of elevated serum Troponin may induce adverse cardiac remodelling and arrhythmias (La Gerche et al., 2008). Furthermore, abnormal levels of brain natriuretic peptide are associated with right ventricular dysfunction due to increased cardiac output and wall stress (Eijsvogels et al., 2016).