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Ablation
Published in John G Webster, Minimally Invasive Medical Technology, 2016
Transrectal ultrasound is usually the imaging modality of choice for urologists who wish to investgate the prostate. It is therefore an appropriate step to therapy in such an examination. In the urological field, HIFU has been most widely used for the treatment of BPH. Foster et al (1993) used an applicator with a 4 MHz crystal for both imaging and ablation, and it had a focal length of 24 mm. The lesion was 7 mm long and 0.6 mm in diameter for an intensity of 16.8 MW m−2. Gelet et al (1993) used a retractable 7.5 MHz imaging transducer, and a 2.25 MHz transducer for ablation, with a focal length of 35 mm, intensities between 7 and 10 MW m−2. The lesion diameters found were approximately 1.5 mm, and the lengths of the lesions were 8 mm.
Glossary of scientific and technical terms in bioengineering and biological engineering
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Scientific and Technical Terms in Bioengineering and Biological Engineering, 2018
Transrectal ultrasound of the prostate is a test using sound wave echoes to create an image of an organ or gland to visually inspect for abnormal conditions like gland enlargement, nodules, penetration of tumor through capsule of the gland and/or invasion of seminal vesicles. It may also be used for guidance of needle biopsies of the prostate gland and guiding the nitrogen probes in cryosurgery.
Semi-supervised learning from coarse histopathology labels
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging & Visualization, 2023
Fahimeh Fooladgar, Minh Nguyen Nhat to, Golara Javadi, Samira Sojoudi, Walid Eshumani, Silvia Chang, Peter Black, Parvin Mousavi, Purang Abolmaesumi
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most commonly diagnosed malignancy in men (Rawla 2019). Regardless, the risk of mortality imposed by PCa can be avoided by proper treatment and management that follow the timely and accurate screening of cancer. It is, hence, critical that a diagnosis procedure is capable of detecting clinically significant PCa. Systematic transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsy is currently regarded as the gold standard for PCa diagnosis, where prostate tissues are systematically sampled from a standard 8 to 12-core template. This conventional approach is limited because clinically significant PCa far from the sampled locations can be easily missed or under-diagnosed (Serefoglu et al. 2013). Multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI) has recently evolved as a promising technique for PCa assessment. Despite the growing progress of mp-MRI, its wide adoption for image-guided biopsy is still challenged by the added cost, screening time, and demanding domain-expertise (Johnson et al. 2019). In this regard, TRUS-guided biopsy is still a more rapid, accessible, and cost-effective method, especially in hospitals with limited resources (Moe and Hayne 2020).
Use of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) in localized prostate cancer
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2020
Luke O’Connor, Alex Wang, Stephanie M. Walker, Nitin Yerram, Peter A. Pinto, Baris Turkbey
With the introduction of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) as a screening tool, there has been a substantial rise in the incidence of prostate cancer [1]. While this biomarker has excellent sensitivity for detecting prostate cancer, its poor specificity has led to the overdiagnosis, and more importantly, overtreatment of men with indolent disease [2,3]. Following a rise in PSA, the standard of care has traditionally been for men to receive a transrectal ultrasound-guided (TRUS) biopsy of the prostate, where six cores are systemically sampled from both the right and left lobes. As this method has a “random“ component with no visible target for the urologist to sample, it has proven to be an inadequate diagnostic modality for detecting localized disease [4,5]. The limitations of the TRUS biopsy have led to the development of the multi-parametric MRI (mpMRI). This novel tool allows providers more accurate visualization and sampling of prostate cancer, while helping to properly identify patients who are candidates for definitive therapy. In this review, we will discuss current uses of prostate mpMRI, its limitations, and potential solutions for these limitations.