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Applications of Biotechnology: Biology Doing Chemistry
Published in Richard J. Sundberg, The Chemical Century, 2017
A wide-spread human mineral deficiency is iron. Most plants have limited capacity to absorb and store iron from the soil, legumes such as soybeans being the most important exception. Thus modification of plants to increase iron content is a potential goal. Another crop that might be subject to GM is cassava (Manihot esculenta), which is an important energy source for some 600 million people, many in Sub-Sahara Africa. The root contains mainly carbohydrate, but it is low in protein. The plant also contains cyanogenic glycosides that must be removed in processing. These traits could conceivably be changed by genetic modification.
Planning for a Project
Published in David Shirley, Project Management for Healthcare, 2020
In the same keynote speech, Ms. Buckley included “precision medicine” as another disruptive issue for the future of healthcare. With the many advances in genetic research, even making home DNA testing readily accessible. Medical treatments can be tailored to specific biological traits or indicators. However, the implementation and acceptance of this practice will require education, of both healthcare provider and the patient. Projects!
Advance intervention of recessive ill-conditioned feature: the early-stage design method based on system recessive inheritance
Published in Journal of Engineering Design, 2023
Zifeng Nie, Peng Zhang, Fang Wang
In biology, inheritance can be divided into dominant inheritance and recessive inheritance. Dominant inheritance is controlled by dominant genes. On homologous chromosomes, when two homologous dominant genes exhibit in pairs, or when dominant and recessive genes integrate as alleles, dominant traits will appear. Recessive inheritance indicates that the parents carry certain genes that do not show the trait explicitly. When these genes are passed on to the offspring, the recessive traits may be triggered to be dominant when the recessive genes are homozygous. In the genetic process of organisms, recessive inheritance plays a significant part in view of that the exhibition of some rare traits in organisms is often related to the manifestation of homozygous recessive genes, as shown in Figure 2(a). A recessive gene will not incur an ill-conditioned trait when the allele is dominant. Even in the course of multiple generations, this kind of ill-conditioned traits is hidden. Only if a pair of recessive genes become alleles during the process of inheritance, that is homozygous for the recessive gene, will the ill-conditioned traits incurred by the recessive gene exhibit distinctly. It is notable that most of the recessive ill-conditioned features that appear in organisms are ensured by homozygosity of recessive genes (Clark and Pazdernik 2013; Nambisan 2017; Wahlsten 2019).
Genetic Variability of Klebsiella Variicola by RAPD-PCR Technique and Bioremoval of Pb2+ and Cd2+ from Simulated Contaminated Soils
Published in Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal, 2022
Yetunde Mutiat Feruke-Bello, Gbolahan Babalola, Olu Odeyemi
Genetic variability is a measurement of extent to which a trait or genotype varies in microbial species in a population [Ehrich and Jorde (2005)] and also used to determine the rate of mutation (Linhart and Gehring 2003). Mutation is a modification of microbial DNA by either natural or artificial methods and it can randomly induce DNA lesions in the genome (Vijayabaskar et al., 2014). Mutation induction and/or selection techniques, together with cloning and protein engineering strategies, are being exploited to enhance bio-removal of heavy metals by microorganisms. A method of molecular typing using arbitrary amplification of polymorphic DNA sequences known as Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA-Polymerase chain Reaction (RAPD-PCR) is being applied to determine the genetic heterogeneity of microorganisms. RAPD is being applied in a variety of ways such as mapping of genes, population genetics, and molecular evolutionary genetics because of its rapid, relatively inexpensive and ability to generate large numbers of markers in a short period, and hence, its assay generated the best DNA pattern for differentiation of bacteria (Saxena et al. 2014; Welsh and McClelland 1990).
Posthumanism: Creation of ‘New Men’ Through Technological Innovation
Published in The New Bioethics, 2021
Epistasis is an important phenomenon in the interaction between genes wherein the effect of one gene is dependent on the presence of one or more modifier genes, forming the genetic background. In diploid organisms like human beings, epistasis is further complicated by the presence of two copies of each gene, if they are different, in addition between epistasis between loci, it can occur also between the two copies of each locus. Epistasis can affect phenotypes, by obscuring the effects of a gene when an allele at one locus can mask the effects of alleles at one or more other loci, or by combining gene effects when an allele at one locus modifies the effects of alleles at one or more other loci and produce an entirely new trait (Miko 2008).