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IoT-Based Anaesthesia Control and Monitoring System
Published in Ambikapathy, R. Shobana, Logavani, Dharmasa, Reinvention of Health Applications with IoT, 2022
Mangolik Kundu, Souvik Datta, G. Kanimozhi
Anaesthesia is applied to induce unconsciousness during surgery. The medicine is either inhaled through a breathing respirator or tracheal tube or delivered through an intravenous (IV) line. The primary notion of a continuous-flow anaesthesia device was publicized by Henry Boyle in 1917. Primarily, anaesthesia is further subdivided into four categories based on their area of application: (a) local anaesthesia is defined as an agent given to momentarily reduce the sense of pain in a specific area of the body. A patient remains conscious once a local anaesthetic is administered. For minor operations, it can be used via injection into the site. (b) General anaesthesia induces unconsciousness throughout the surgery. The medicine is either inhaled through a breathing respirator or tube or given through an intravenous (IV) line. Drugs used in intravenous and inhaled administration of anaesthesia are presented in Table 8.1. A tracheal tube may be inserted into the windpipe to support proper breathing throughout the surgery. Once the surgery is completed, the anaesthesiologist stops the anaesthetic and the patient is taken to the recovery room for further monitoring [4]. (c) Regional anaesthesia is injected into a bundle of nerves to numb a large region of the body. (d) Neuraxial anaesthesia is placed near the spinal nerve column, making an even greater portion of the body numb compared to regional anaesthesia. Epidurals are usually given to ease the pain during childbirth [9]. Since the 1940s, the specialization of anaesthesia has contributed greatly to major advances in health care [10].
Laryngoscopes for difficult airway scenarios: a comparison of the available devices
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2018
After placing the guide in the tracheal tube, they are both inserted blindly into the throat for passing into the larynx. Visible light at the front of the neck makes it easier to insert the tracheal tube into the trachea by real-life feedback on the effects. Translumination of the light through the larynx confirms that the endotracheal tube is correctly inserted. In order to perform effective endotracheal intubation with the use of a light guide, it is necessary to bend it properly. Chen et al. [107] have shown that for patients with a thyromental distance of more than 5.5 cm, the optimal place of bending the Trachlight fiber guide is located 6.5–8.5 cm from its distal end, while for the thyromental distance of 5.5 cm or less, the length of the proximal bend of 6.5 cm should be applied.
Geometrical Effects of a Narrow Channel on Flame Spread in an Opposed Flow
Published in Combustion Science and Technology, 2018
Tsuneyoshi Matsuoka, Kentaro Nakashima, Takuya Yamazaki, Yuji Nakamura
On the other hand, there are several potential fire hazards in channels with small gaps (Comas et al., 2015), in which geometrical effects may play a role. A representative example is a surgical fire that occurred during surgery in a hospital (Carlson and Rice, 2014; Herman et al., 2008; Landro, 2009). Heat from electrocautery devices or lasers can ablate and vaporize potential fuel sources, such as surgical drapes, tracheal tubes, tissues, and so on. Once a tracheal tube through which oxygen gas flows is ignited, the flame spreads against the flow of the oxidizer gas, burning the tube itself before finally reaching patients. According to analysis by the Pennsylvania Patient Safety Authority, there have been 240 surgical fires a year on average between 2004 and 2011 in the United States (Clarke and Bruley, 2012). Wolf et al. (1994), Sidebotham et al. (1993) and Sidebotham and Olson (2008) focused on the initial stages of a surgical fire. They used a polyvinyl chloride tube with an inner diameter of several millimeters and concluded that the effects of buoyancy are reduced in an intraluminal environment.
Partial vs full glottic view with CMACTM D blade intubation of airway with simulated cervical spine injury: a randomized controlled trial
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2023
Chao Chia Cheong, Soon Yiu Ong, Siu Min Lim, Wan Zakaria Wan A., Marzida Mansor, Sook Hui Chaw
A partial glottic view (POGO score of < 50%) in Group POGO <50%, as depicted in Figure 1b, was acquired by withdrawing the CMACTM D blade tip proximally from the vallecula until a partial view of the glottic opening was obtained. Depending on the anatomy and floppiness of epiglottis, intubating anesthetist would decide to lift the laryngoscope upward to displace epiglottis to a desirable POGO score. The desired POGO score could also be achieved with ELM. After achieving the designated POGO score, the glottic view was maintained, and the tracheal was intubated. In the event of failure to advance the tracheal tube through the glottis, the intubating anesthetist might rotate the tracheal tube by 90° anticlockwise to negotiate the tube into the trachea.