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Environmental Impacts and Management Strategies of Trace Metals in Soil and Groundwater in the Republic of Korea
Published in P.M. Huang, I.K. Iskandar, M. Chino, T.B. Goh, P.H. Hsu, D.W. Oscarson, L.M. Shuman, Soils and Groundwater Pollution and Remediation, 2020
J. E. Yang, Y. K. Kim, J. H. Kim, Y. H. Park
Following the heavy industrialization and urbanization in Korea during the last several decades, soil and groundwater contamination by trace metals is becoming one of the major environmental concerns because these natural resources may impact human health through the food chain. Sources of trace metals causing soil and groundwater contamination are closely related to industrial and human activities, such as smeltering, wastewater from mining and manufacturing industries, solid wastes, etc. Trace metal concentrations in soil and groundwater that have been influenced by these pollution sources have been reported to exceed the pollution control standards, even though these phenomena are regional. However, critical impacts of trace metals on human health due to soil and groundwater pollution have not yet been reported in Korea.
Trace Metals and Ions
Published in Tadahiro Ohmi, Ultraclean Technology Handbook, 2017
For the analysis of trace metals, it is necessary to take precautions against contamination by the instruments, tools, and chemicals used in the analysis, and also the environment. Conduct acid rinsing of the sample container beforehand to prevent contamination. Do not use the container for sodium, calcium, magnesium, or zinc, which can be contaminated by glass.Use purified reagents.Use a clean laboratory for pretreatment and quantitative analysis. It is better to use a glove box or a clean bench.
The Biology of Heavy Metals in the Sea
Published in J. Rose, Water and the Environment, 2017
Life has evolved in the presence of metals at a wide range of available environmental concentrations and with a similarly broad array of chemical attributes. As a result metals play many vital roles in metabolism, not least in electron transfer reactions. The list of so-called essential metals is extensive and probably still growing. Metals like sodium potassium, calcium and magnesium, are well known major requisites for animal life but other metals, even some present at remarkably low environmental levels, are also required to some degree. So called trace metals may be defined as metals present in minute amounts (less than 0.01 percent of the mass of the organism1) necessary to that organism to ensure normal health. Lists of essential trace metals vary between authors but may well include iron, manganese, copper, zinc, cobalt, molybdenum, chromium, vanadium, selenium, nickel and tin.2–5. Zinc for example is an essential part of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase, copper is required in the invertebrate respiratory pigment haemocyanin and iron is a component both of haemoglobin and of respiratory cytochromes. Lists of non-essential metals not believed to play any required role in metabolism, usually include cadmium, mercury, lead, silver and gold6 as well as the more obscure metals of large atomic weight, although there is some evidence that even cadmium and lead may be required for animal growth.7,8 The concept of trace metals is therefore bound up with that of essentiality and any such classification is partially subjective with the further potential of real variation for example between prokaryotes and eukaryotes or animals and plants.
Assessment of particulate matter toxicity and physicochemistry at the Claim 28 uranium mine site in Blue Gap, AZ
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2021
Jessica Begay, Bethany Sanchez, Abigail Wheeler, Floyd Baldwin, Selita Lucas, Guy Herbert, Yoselin Ordonez Suarez, Chris Shuey, Zachary Klaver, Jack R. Harkema, James G. Wagner, Masako Morishita, Barry Bleske, Katherine E. Zychowski, Matthew J. Campen
All of the filter and lung tissue samples were processed and analyzed in Class 100 and 1000 ultraclean rooms at the Michigan State University Exposure Science Lab. Particle samples collected on Teflon filters were wetted with ethanol and extracted in 1% nitric acid solution. The extraction solution was sonicated for 48 hr in an ultrasonic bath, and then allowed to passively acid-digest for 2 weeks. A complete protocol for digestion of lung tissues was reported by Harkema et al. (2009). Extracts were then analyzed for a suite of trace elements using high-resolution inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (HR-ICP-MS; ELEMENT2, Thermo Finnigan). Fifteen trace metals were selected: molybdenum (Mo), cadmium (Cd), gadolinium (Gd), tungsten (W), lead (Pb), uranium (U), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), vanadium (V), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), and selenium (Se). This analysis method incorporated daily quality assurance and quality control measures including field blanks, Type I water blanks, replicate analyses and external standards as described by Harkema et al. (2009). The levels found from the PM-exposed chamber via Teflon filters were measured and used to compare against data reports from similar climate regions worldwide illustrated in Figure 8.
Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in tissues of selected fish species from Ganga river, India, and risk assessment for human health
Published in Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 2019
Pradip Kumar Maurya, D. S. Malik
Fish play a major role in the human diet as they bring a good amount of proteins. Numerous studies on toxic pollutants and on metal pollution in different species of edible fish have been carried out (Kucuksezgin et al. 2002; Lewis et al. 2002; Prudente et al.1997). There are five main pathways for the entry of the heavy metals in fish tissues. These include ingestion of food through gills, skin, and vocal cavity through the intake of water and integument (Kotze et al. 1999). Metals get absorbed into blood and are transported to various organs for either storage or excretion. The level of trace metals in different organs is used as an index of metal pollution in an ecosystem, which is considered as an important tool for highlighting the health of an organism.
Development of a Rapid and Simple Digestion Method of Freshwater Sediments for As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Fe, and Zn Determination by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES): An Evaluation of Dilute Nitric Acid
Published in Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal, 2019
Dibueng Prudence Mokoena, Sihle V. Mngadi, Masixole Sihlahla, Mogolodi K. Dimpe, Philiswa N. Nomngongo
Aquatic environment contamination by heavy metals is a global concern (Maanan et al., 2015; Rajaganapa et al., 2011). This is due to their environmental toxicity as well as abundance and persistence of these contaminants. The amount of heavy metals in soil and sediments is increasing significantly due to human activities such as agricultural and food waste, industrial waste, mining activities, municipal waste, atmospheric deposits, etc., which later affect the environment (Chibuike and Obiora, 2014; Su et al., 2014). These heavy metals have a significant effect on the ecological quality on the environment (Sastre et al., 2002). Trace metals such as arsenic, cadmium, and lead are toxic even at trace levels. In addition, depending on the concentration, trace metal ions such as copper, iron, chromium, and zinc can be either essential or dangerous to living beings (Hashim et al., 2011; Jalbani and Soylak, 2015; Machado et al., 2016; Markiewicz et al., 2015; Su et al., 2014). Therefore, it is critical to assess their level in environmental matrices in order to control them.