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The Effect of Alterations to Calcaneal Movement During Running
Published in Youlian Hong, Routledge Handbook of Ergonomics in Sport and Exercise, 2013
Another limitation of these experiments was that surface EMG is limited only to muscles that lie directly under the skin, making it impossible to assess the deeper muscles or intrinsic muscles of the foot. Therefore, it may well be that other muscle groups (i.e. the intrinsic foot muscles or tibialis posterior) are affected to a much greater extent. However, such changes will remain undetected by the suggested approach. Finally, the goniometer measurements were not compared to shoe measures in this study. Referring to the results of Stacoff et al. (2000, 2001), we expect substantial differences between shoe and calcaneal movements, which were considered irrelevant, as the focus of this chapter was on calcaneal movement alone.
Musculoskeletal system
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
For the medial aspect of the ankle, the seated subject externally rotates the leg, or the supine subject turns sideways into the lateral decubitus position, lying on the affected side. The transducer is placed proximal to the medial malleolus, over the tibialis posterior and the flexor digitorum longus tendons, which can be scanned transversely from the myotendinous junction to their different insertions. The flexor hallucis longus tendon may also be seen posteriorly, medial to the Achilles tendon. The tibial nerve can be identified at the level of the malleolus, between the flexor digitorum tendon anteriorly and the flexor hallucis longus tendon posteriorly. The nerve can then be traced proximally and distally.
Functional Anatomy and Biomechanics
Published in Emeric Arus, Biomechanics of Human Motion, 2017
Musculus tibialis posterior is situated deep in the leg. Insertion: The origin of this muscle is on both bones (tibia and fibula) on their dorsal parts immediately under their heads and it adheres on the interosseus membrane. Tibialis posterior continues with its tendon around the medial malleolus and distally inserts on the navicular bone. With its expansions, it inserts on the tarsal and the second, third, and fourth metatarsal bones. Action: Inverts the foot and assists in plantar flexion.
Comparison of foot posture and foot muscle morphology between lifesaver athletes and healthy adults
Published in Research in Sports Medicine, 2023
Shota Ichikawa, Tsukasa Kumai, Takumi Okunuki, Toshihiro Maemichi, Masatomo Matsumoto, Hiroki Yabiku, Zijian Liu, Ryusei Yamaguchi, Arina Iwayama, Goro Ayukawa, Yui Akiyama, Hiroyuki Mitsui, Hisateru Niki
Arch height increases due to the development of foot intrinsic muscles (McKeon et al., 2015). Regarding flat feet and other diseases characterized by lower foot arches, exercises that train the intrinsic foot muscles, such as the short foot exercise, can raise the arch and improve balance functions (Lynn et al., 2012; Mulligan & Cook, 2013). The tibialis posterior terminates deeply in the tarsal and metatarsal bones and contributes to longitudinal and horizontal arch stability (Mulligan & Cook, 2013). Similarly, the flexor digitorum longus stabilizes the longitudinal arch (D’Aout et al., 2009). We show that the increased cross-sectional area of the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the foot in the lifesaver group may be accompanied by an increase in arch height. People who regularly walk barefoot have significantly wider feet and more spread out forefeet (Franklin et al., 2015), and the foot pressure under load is reported to be evenly distributed throughout the foot (Mickle et al., 2013). Here, the lifesaver group that engaged in barefoot activity on a sandy ground had wider feet. Moreover, this group maintained high longitudinal and transverse arches during WB, suggesting the beneficial effects of the evenly distributed load.