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Biomechanical Adaptation in Ice Hockey Skating
Published in Youlian Hong, Routledge Handbook of Ergonomics in Sport and Exercise, 2013
David J. Pearsall, René A. Turcotte, Marc C. Levangie, Samuel Forget
During the swing or recovery phase, muscles contract to reposition the leg in proper position for the next stride. The sEMG activity of the adductor magnus muscle peaks at roughly 70 per cent of MDC during this phase, as it is the principal muscle responsible for the adduction of the lower limb (Chang et al., 2009). sEMG activity of the tibialis anterior muscle peaks during the swing phase, as it is responsible for dorsi flexing the ankle, for skate clearance and precontact stability (Dewan et al., 2004).
Lower extremity biomechanics and muscle activity differ between ‘new’ and ‘dead’ pointe shoes in professional ballet dancers
Published in Sports Biomechanics, 2021
Jessica Aquino, Tal Amasay, Sue Shapiro, Yi-Tzu Kuo, Jatin P. Ambegaonkar
Furthermore, this inability to maintain stable posture may increase demands on the tibialis anterior muscle. Accordingly, we found that dancers also exhibited higher RMS-%MVC of the tibialis anterior muscle during arabesque in ‘dead’ pointe shoes, which could have resulted from the dancer having to work harder to maintain the balancing position. An increased activation of the tibialis anterior muscle during pointe suggests that the participant was likely compensating for lack of support in the pointe shoe which may eventually cause the participant to begin ‘falling over’ the pointe shoe or having an increased plantar flexion angle. The tibialis anterior muscle is responsible for dorsiflexion at the ankle and inversion. It is an antagonist to the peroneus longus, gastrocnemius and soleus as well as a synergist to the posterior tibialis during inversion. When one muscle fatigues, the surrounding muscles must compensate to maintain a certain posture or complete a certain movement. So, when the posterior tibialis muscle fatigues, the tibialis anterior compensates to stabilise the ankle joint during inversion. Repetitively increased muscle activation may lead to a quicker onset of fatiguing of the ankle stabiliser muscles which may lead to chronic tendon injuries, ankle instability and other ankle injuries ((Hopkins et al., 2012; Kannus, 1997). In ‘dead’ pointe shoes, our participants had higher muscle activity while performing arabesque and not in relevé. This could be related to nature of the arabesque task, which requires the dancer to stabilise on one leg. Higher level of muscle activity during arabesque in ‘dead’ pointe shoes may lead to chronic tendon and ankle injuries as well ankle instability.