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Clinical Sequelae and Functional Outcomes
Published in Mark A. Mentzer, Mild Traumatic Brain Injury, 2020
There is also a cumulative effect, where repeated insults produce axonal and cytoskeletal alterations. An important effect is the “apolipo” protein e4 allele expression resulting in reduced abnormal tau clearance and consequent tauopathies, including beta amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, which can spread among cells through anatomical connections (Soto, 2012; De Calignon et al., 2012). Repeated mTBI eventually culminates in what was called “retrograde amnesia” in boxers, but what is now understood to be a group of neurological disorders marked by hypokinesia, tremor, and muscular rigidity—or Parkinsonism—and the key impact is now collectively referred to as reduced neural plasticity.
Why slow axonal transport is bidirectional – can axonal transport of tau protein rely only on motor-driven anterograde transport?
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2023
Ivan A. Kuznetsov, Andrey V. Kuznetsov
Tau is mostly known for its involvement in Alzheimer’s disease and other tauopathies when it becomes prone to aggregation (Huang et al. 2016; Iqbal et al. 2010; Zempel and Mandelkow 2014; Blennow et al. 2006). In axons, tau is transported by SCb (Utton et al. 2002; Utton et al. 2005; Brown 2014). In this paper, we analysed equations from the model developed in Kuznetsov and Kuznetsov (2017a, 2018, 2020) to investigate what happens when all other modes of transport except kinesin-driven transport of tau become negligible. Our goal was to continue research reported in Kuznetsov and Kuznetsov (2022, 2023a) for α-synuclein, as well as in Kuznetsov and Kuznetsov (2023b) for MAP1B, and to determine whether anterograde motor-driven transport alone can replicate the tau distribution observed in experiments reported by Black et al. (1996). Focusing on scenarios where the dynein velocity and tau diffusivity were both small, we were able to derive an analytical solution for the tau transport model using the perturbation technique. This closed-form solution can be useful for verifying the accuracy of numerical codes.