China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Proteins and Proteomics
Published in Firdos Alam Khan, Biotechnology Fundamentals, 2020
TBP is a general TF that binds specifically to a DNA sequence called the TATA box. This DNA sequence is found about 30 base pairs upstream of the transcription start site in some eukaryotic gene promoters. TBP, along with a variety of TBP-associated factors, make up the TFIID, a general TF that in turn makes up part of the RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex. As one of the few proteins in the preinitiation complex that binds DNA in a sequence-specific manner, it helps position RNA polymerase II over the transcription start site of the gene. However, it is estimated that only 10%–20% of human promoters have TATA boxes. Therefore, TBP is probably not the only protein involved in positioning RNA polymerase II. TBP is involved in DNA melting (double strand separation) by bending the DNA by 80° (the AT-rich sequence to which it binds facilitates easy melting). The TBP is an unusual protein in that it binds the minor groove using a β sheet.
Proteins and proteomics
Published in Firdos Alam Khan, Biotechnology Fundamentals, 2018
The TBP is a general transcription factor that binds specifically to a DNA sequence called the TATA box. This DNA sequence has found about 30 base pairs upstream of the transcription start site in some eukaryotic gene promoters. TBP, along with a variety of TBP-associated factors, make up the TFIID, a general transcription factor that in turn makes up part of the RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex. As one of the few proteins in the preinitiation complex that binds DNA in a sequence-specific manner, it helps position RNA polymerase II over the transcription start site of the gene. However, it is estimated that only 10%–20% of human promoters have TATA boxes. Therefore, TBP is probably not the only protein involved in positioning RNA polymerase II. TBP is involved in DNA melting (dou-ble strand separation) by bending the DNA by 80° (the AT-rich sequence to which it binds facilitates easy melting). The TBP is an unusual protein since it binds the minor groove using a β sheet.
Biochemistry
Published in Ronald Fayer, Lihua Xiao, Cryptosporidium and Cryptosporidiosis, 2007
Cryptosporidium only has one TATA-binding protein (TBP) as part of the basal transcription machinery (Millership et al., 2004b). However, the TBP binding sequences within this AT-rich genome are not known. Transcription activators may directly recruit TBP to the promoter region of the gene to be activated. In some cases, a transcriptional co-activator may be involved, such as multiprotein bridging factor 1 (MBF1), which is involved in cell differentiation or stress responses (Takemaru et al., 1997; Takemaru et al., 1998; Kabe et al., 1999). The C. parvum ortholog of MBF1 was cloned, and its function was confirmed by yeast complementation assay and by its ability to interact with CpTBP (Zhu et al., 2000b; Millership et al., 2004b). However, genes regulated by CpMBF1 have not been identified, and further studies are needed to dissect its biological roles in parasite development.
Mine-site derived particulate matter exposure exacerbates neurological and pulmonary inflammatory outcomes in an autoimmune mouse model
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2021
Alexis Wilson, Carmen A. Velasco, Guy W. Herbert, Selita N. Lucas, Bethany N. Sanchez, José M. Cerrato, Michael Spilde, Quan-Zhen Li, Matthew J. Campen, Katherine E. Zychowski
Following euthanasia, lungs were isolated from mice and immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen and subsequently stored at −80OC. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was then used to assess transcriptional alterations (Cung et al. 2015). Lung samples were homogenized using a QIAGEN RNA Fibrous mini-kit and RNA was extracted following the manufacturer’s protocol (QIAGEN, Valencia, CA). Reverse transcription of RNA was executed using a high-capacity cDNA reverse transcriptase, immediately prior to qPCR. Genes probed using TaqMan primers included Mmp-2, Tgf-, Ccl-2, IL-1B, IL-6 and Cxcl-1. These targets were selected based upon previously published PM studies (Begay et al. 2021; Tyler et al. 2016; Zychowski et al. 2018), and amplified using TaqMan Universal Master Mix. TATA boxbinding protein (TBP) was implemented as the housekeeping gene. The 2ΔΔCT method (Livak and Schmittgen 2001) was used to analyze relative gene expression quantification and the relative amount of mRNA for each sample and normalized to TBP (TATA binding protein) (Garcia et al. 2020; Zychowski et al. 2018, 2019).