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Motor Areas in the Frontal Lobe: The Anatomical Substrate for the Central Control of Movement
Published in Alexa Riehle, Eilon Vaadia, Motor Cortex in Voluntary Movements, 2004
Richard P. Dum, Peter L. Strick
Four premotor areas are located on the medial wall of the hemisphere (Figures 1.1, 1.3A, and 1.4). These premotor areas include the SMA and three motor areas located within the cingulate sulcus: the rostral, dorsal, and ventral cingulate motor areas (CMAr, CMAd, and CMAv). The SMA is confined to the portion of area 6 on the mesial surface of the superior frontal gyrus that lies between the arcuate genu rostrally and the hindlimb representation in M1 caudally. The CMAr is located within area 24c on the dorsal and ventral banks of the cingulate sulcus at levels largely anterior to the genu of the arcuate sulcus. The CMAd occupies area 6c on the dorsal bank of the cingulate sulcus at levels caudal to the genu of the arcuate sulcus. The CMAv lies on the ventral bank of the cingulate sulcus in area 23c, mostly at the same levels as the CMAd. Thus, the premotor cortex, as defined by its anatomical connections to M1, is more complicated than previously recognized (for review see References 2,3,8,15,57,62) and is composed of multiple, spatially separate premotor areas (Figures 1.1, 1.3, and l.4).59'60'67-69 (See also References 70-76.)
Therapeutic Monitoring of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Using fNIRS Assessment
Published in Yu Chen, Babak Kateb, Neurophotonics and Brain Mapping, 2017
Previous neuroimaging studies have elucidated the neural correlates of go/no-go tasks (Simmonds et al. 2008), including the bilateral IFG, MFG, and superior frontal gyrus (SFG), the supplementary motor area, the anterior cingulate gyrus, the inferior parietal and temporal lobes, the caudate nucleus, and the cerebellum (Rubia et al. 2003). The IFG may be specifically related to motor response inhibition, while the MFG, SFG, and inferior parietal cortices possibly mediate more general meta-motor executive control functions, such as motor attention, conflict monitoring, and response selection, necessary for inhibition task performance (Rubia et al. 2001).
Multimodality in brain imaging: Methodological aspects and applications
Published in João Manuel, R. S. Tavares, R. M. Natal Jorge, Computational Modelling of Objects Represented in Images, 2018
S.I. Gonçalves, J.C. Munck, F.H. Lopes Silva
For subject 5, only positive correlations were found in the superior frontal gyrus. In addition, smaller regions negatively correlated to alpha are observed in the vicinity of the pre- and post-central gyrus and also in the superior and middle temporal gyrus. However, in the case of subject 6, for whom only positive correlations were found, these were located in the cortex, namely in the orbitofrontal gyri, precuneus and postcentral gyrus and superior and middle temporal gyrus.
The athletes’ visuomotor system – Cortical processes contributing to faster visuomotor reactions
Published in European Journal of Sport Science, 2018
Thorben Hülsdünker, Heiko K. Strüder, Andreas Mierau
Similar to the visual system, functional modulations in the athletes’ motor-related processes may be related to structural plasticity induced by long-term sports-specific training. Especially, the abovementioned longitudinal studies on juggling training not only observed changes in visual grey matter structure but similarly in several regions corresponding to the fronto-parietal motor system (Boyke et al., 2008; Driemeyer et al., 2008). Specifically, grey matter volume was found to increase with juggling training in the superior frontal gyrus as well as the posterior parietal lobe, both representing components of the fronto-parietal motor network. In the same vein, expert jugglers not only exhibited higher grey matter density in area MT but similarly in the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) as well as BA6 corresponding to parietal and frontal motor regions, respectively (Gerber et al., 2014).