China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Is there a safe or risk-free level of asbestos exposure?
Published in Dorsett D. Smith, The Health Effects of Asbestos, 2015
High environmental arsenic levels have long been recognized as correlating with higher risk of cardiovascular disease, but a secondary analysis of data from a recent study, now shows that even at the low levels commonly found in rural communities across the United States, arsenic exposure is strongly related to cardiovascular risk and mortality in a dose-dependent fashion, using data from the Strong Heart Study, a population-based cohort study of cardiovascular disease in three Native American communities in rural Arizona, Oklahoma, and the Dakotas. For their analysis, Ms. Moon and her colleagues measured arsenic species concentrations in stored urine samples from 3575 men and women with no cardiovascular disease at enrollment during 1989–1991. These study subjects, aged 45–75 years at baseline, were followed for cardiovascular outcomes for 17–19 years.
Cadmium Exposure and Toxicity
Published in Debasis Bagchi, Manashi Bagchi, Metal Toxicology Handbook, 2020
Soisungwan Satarug, Kenneth R. Phelps
Evidence for a role of environmental Cd exposure in the pathogenesis of hypertension comes from a longitudinal study of Native Americans in the Strong Heart Study. In this study, higher urinary Cd excretion at baseline was associated with higher rates of increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure. A 10% increase in risk for hypertension accompanied each one-unit increment in log-transformed urinary Cd (Oliver-Williams et al., 2018).
Exposure to heavy metals from point pollution sources and risk of incident type 2 diabetes among women: a prospective cohort analysis
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2021
Michael Hendryx, Juhua Luo, Catherine Chojenta, Julie E. Byles
Epidemiological research on associations between heavy metal exposures and diabetes has been conducted but information for most metals is limited, results are somewhat inconsistent, and prospective studies of diabetes incidence are rare. A prospective cohort study of adults in Denmark showed that exposure to low level arsenic in drinking water increased diabetes risk (Brauner et al. 2014). Arsenic metabolism, but not arsenic exposure per se, was associated with incident diabetes in the Strong Heart Study (Kuo et al. 2015). Another prospective cohort study demonstrated that mercury was associated with incident diabetes in young adults (He et al. 2013). In a prospective incidence study of older Chinese adults, exposure to titanium and selenium increased diabetes risk, antimony reduced risk, and other metals including arsenic were not significant (Yuan et al. 2018). Menke et al. (2016) conducted a cross-sectional study and found associations between urinary levels of molybdenum, antimony, tungsten, and uranium in persons with diabetes; lead, cobalt and other metals were not associated with diabetes. A case-control study by Shan et al. (2016) found a U-shape relationship where low or high manganese was related to higher diabetes risk. Yang et al. (2017) found associations between fasting blood glucose and urinary nickel, zinc and cobalt, and Feng et al. (2015) reported cross-sectional associations between titanium, copper, zinc, selenium, rubidium, tungsten and lead and fasting glucose and/or diabetes. Cross-sectional associations have been reported for diabetes mortality rates and air pollution levels of beryllium, cadmium, arsenic and nickel (Spangler 2012).