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List of Chemical Substances
Published in T.S.S. Dikshith, and Safety, 2016
Avermectin is a colorless to yellowish crystalline powder. It is soluble in acetone, methanol, toluene, chloroform, and ethanol, but insoluble in water. It is stable, and incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. Abamectin is a mixture of avermectins containing about 80% avermectin B1a and 20% avermectin B1b. These two components, B1a and B1b, have very similar biological and toxicological properties. The avermectins are insecticidal/miticidal compounds derived from the soil bacterium Streptomyces avermitilis.Abamectin is used to control insect and mite pests of citrus, pear, and nut tree crops, and is used by homeowners to control fire ants. It acts on the nervous system of insects, causing paralyzing effects. Abamectin is a general use pesticide (GUP). It is grouped as toxicity class IV, meaning practically non-toxic, requiring no precautionary statement on its label.
On Biocatalysis as Resourceful Methodology for Complex Syntheses: Selective Catalysis, Cascades and Biosynthesis
Published in Peter Grunwald, Pharmaceutical Biocatalysis, 2019
Andreas Sebastian Klein, Thomas Classen, Jörg Pietruszka
The important groups of neurotoxins avermectins 32 and ivermectins 33 are pesticides and are used to treat ectoparasites (lice, mites and ticks) and nematodes (Pitterna et al., 2009). For the discovery and development of these compounds, the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine was awarded in 2015. These natural products are polyketides, which are produced from acyl building blocks by a modularly clustered enzyme machinery. Some avermectins 32 are obtained by fermentation of Streptomyces avermitilis, other derivatives are only chemically addressable.
Enhanced doxorubicin production by Streptomyces peucetius using a combination of classical strain mutation and medium optimization
Published in Preparative Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2018
Xiaoru Wang, Xiaorong Tian, Yuanjie Wu, Xiaofang Shen, Songbai Yang, Shaoxin Chen
The efficiency of traditional mutation-based breeding decreases after multiple cycles of mutagenesis. Recently, a novel technology for the mutagenesis of microorganisms, called atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP), was developed to improve the yield of industrial products.[20,21] Compared to conventional methods, ARTP has several outstanding features, including rapid mutation rates and high operational flexibility.[22] Many studies have shown that ARTP can be applied to various microorganisms to enhance production efficiency.[23–25] Additionally, the system had been successfully applied in Streptomyces species, such as Streptomyces avermitilis and Streptomyces bingchenggensis, to improve avermectin and milbemycins A3/A4 production levels, respectively.[26,27]