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Tissue Structure and Function
Published in Joseph W. Freeman, Debabrata Banerjee, Building Tissues, 2018
Joseph W. Freeman, Debabrata Banerjee
In skin, the epidermis is the superficial layer that provides waterproofing and a barrier to infection. It is composed of epithelial cells (live and dead) and keratin (inside of the cells). The epidermis is 10% of the total skin thickness. This varies from 0.1 mm at the eyelids to nearly 1 mm on the palms and soles. The outermost epidermis consists of stratified squamous epithelium. The epidermis contains no blood vessels. Cells in the deepest layers are nourished by diffusion from blood capillaries extending to the upper layers of the dermis.
Does garlic ameliorates histological alterations of induced mucositis in Albino rats subjected to gamma radiation?
Published in Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids, 2020
Reham M. Amin, Randa H. Mokhtar, Nabil A. El-Faramawy
Specimens showed apparent normal epithelial thickness. The buccal mucosa was covered with ortho keratinized stratified squamous epithelium underlined separated with broad numerous rete pegs from underlying lamina propria. It appeared continuous with submucosa and the underlying muscle fibers. The basal cell layer appeared with large deeply stained nucleus and basophilic cytoplasm. Few of the cells showed perinuclear haloing. The parabasal cells appeared large polyhedral with rounded nucleus and basophilic cytoplasm. The flat cells of the granular cell layer appeared with flat deeply stained nucleus and basophilic granules in the cytoplasm. Figure 1(a) well defined the keratin layer and almost even and eosinophilic stained covering the epithelium. Few basal cells showed perinuclear hallowing. Some Mitotic figures were detected within the parabasal cells as shown in Figure 1(b).
Risk assessment of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) detected in sanitary pads
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2019
Hyang Yeon Kim, Jung Dae Lee, Ji-Young Kim, Joo Young Lee, Ok-Nam Bae, Yong-Kyu Choi, Eunji Baek, Sejin Kang, Chungsik Min, Kyungwon Seo, Kihwan Choi, Byung-Mu Lee, Kyu-Bong Kim
In general, large molecular weight (> 500 da), high degrees of ionization, and high melting points (> 200°C) chemicals have low dermal absorption melting points. In case of absence of skin absorption, 50% skin absorption is applied to the risk assessment (SCCS 2018). Sanitary pads are used in a warm, airtight, and humid environment, ideal kinetic conditions to promote transdermal absorption of the chemicals. In addition, the first layer of the mucosal vaginal area consists of a mucosa of stratified squamous epithelium that is not keratinized with a lamina propria, which enables easier chemical absorption than normal skin (Farage and Maibach 2004). Further, wearing sanitary pads might produce skin diseases, similar to those noted by wearing a diaper, in the mucosal vaginal area that affects dermal absorption. In this study, 100% dermal absorption and transfer rates were applied because of usage environmental conditions and physicochemical properties of VOCs (small molecular weight, non-ionization, low melting point). Because of race similarity in Korea to Japan, the same parameters were considered in the risk assessments of dioxins as conducted by Ishii et al. (2014). The number of napkins used/day (7.5 sanitary napkins/day) and the number of days/month (7 days/month) were similar; however, a body weight of 43 kg, instead of 50 kg (the average weight of Japanese women), was used. For these all reasons, the exposure scenario employed for the SED calculation in this risk assessment was the “worst-case”.
Evaluation of inflammatory processes by FTIR spectroscopy
Published in Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology, 2018
Laís Morandini Rodrigues, Luís Felipe das Chagas e Silva Carvalho, Franck Bonnier, Ana Lia Anbinder, Herculano da Silva Martinho, Janete Dias Almeida
Histological analysis of NM specimens showed a normal-appearing mucosal lining, lamina propria with collagen fibres arranged in parallel and cellular components characteristic of NM. IFH samples (Figures 1–3) exhibited parakeratinised stratified squamous epithelium, hyperplasia of the basal layer, formation of epithelial cones and dense fibrous connective tissue. In general, all IFH lesions exhibit the same pattern of alterations. The inflammatory infiltrate varied from moderate to intense, as well as the amount of collagen matrix. The samples were analysed by at least two different pathologists.