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Automated Chatbots for Autism Spectrum Disorder Using Al Assistance
Published in Utpal Chakraborty, Amit Banerjee, Jayanta Kumar Saha, Niloy Sarkar, Chinmay Chakraborty, Artificial Intelligence and the Fourth Industrial Revolution, 2022
Vamsidhar Enireddy, C. Karthikeyan, J. Ramkumar
Autism, or autism spectrum disorder (ASD), refers to a vast range of conditions portrayed by repetitive behaviors and difficulties with social abilities, speech, and nonverbal communication. There are a number of subtypes in ASD, most due to the genes specific to autism and also due to the environmental effect. The effect of autism varies across individuals due to spectrum disorder difficulty. Detection of autism at an early stage has shown positive results according to some studies done on the disorder. In the United States alone, 1 out of 59 kids shows signs of autism. In India, 1 in 100 children shows positive signs of autism. A major problem in India is that parents of such children don’t come out in the open about this problem due to the fear that the society may hate the child, making the condition worse for the child because he or she does not get proper treatment and care. Parents of such children also require special training in order to understand the behavior of their children and deal with it.
Virtual Reality Interventions' Effects on Functional Outcomes for Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Published in Christopher M. Hayre, Dave J. Muller, Marcia J. Scherer, Virtual Reality in Health and Rehabilitation, 2020
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is another complex neurodevelopmental disorder referred to as a persistent impairment, interfering in communication and social interactions (American Psychiatric Association 2013). One of the most pronounced characteristics of this disorder is related to patterns of behaviors repetitive actions or movements and restricted and specific interests (Campisi et al. 2018). The global prevalence of ASD is around 7.6 per 1,000 persons (Baxter et al. 2015), and the impact on daily life or academic activities is huge (Campisi et al. 2018). Since communication and social skills are necessary to function and have autonomy, children with ASD are at a great disadvantage compared to their peers, because communication and social skills are, in fact, remarkable in those children.
A Behavioural Model for Persons with Autism Based on Relevant Case Study
Published in Sourav De, Paramartha Dutta, Computational Intelligence for Human Action Recognition, 2020
Banerjee Rudranath, De Sourav, Dey Shouvik
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a permanent neurological growth disorder that develops in infancy resulting mostly in social communication impairment and behavioural deficiency [1]. The disorder can range from mild to severe depending on where the person belongs in the spectrum. Recent studies suggest that approximately 1 out of every 59 individuals suffers from ASD [2]. The frequency and permanent nature of the disorder entails lifelong care as well as medical, educational and social support. While there have been certain advancements in the first two domains, there is still a lot of progress to be made in terms of social acceptance of the Autistic people. Their social uneasiness, unpredictable behaviour, problems in communication and trust issues are some of the reasons why the gap in social exchange between them and the others still exist.
A survey on technological tools and systems for diagnosis and therapy of autism spectrum disorder
Published in Human–Computer Interaction, 2023
Mariasole Bondioli, Stefano Chessa, Alexander Kocian, Susanna Pelagatti
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in communication, social interaction, and repetitive restricted behaviors (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). It severely affects the way in which people interact with each other. Individuals with ASD experience the environment differently from a sensory point of view. (Narzisi et al., 2018) reported that the ASD prevalence for Italy is 18 per 1000, i.e., one in 55 children aged 7–9 years on rising trend. The situation in the United States is similar (Maenner et al., 2021). Currently, the only possible intervention builds on early diagnosis based on clinical observation (in Italy usually at 1.5–2 years of age), followed by intensive treatment. However, no matter how soon treatment starts, none of the current techniques can resolve ASD completely. People with ASD can acquire many abilities, become more autonomous, work, and even live alone. However, many autistic traits remain making quality-of-life severely compromised. In this perspective, it is clear that there is a constant need to complement early diagnosis of the syndromes as well as long-term therapies for individuals with ASD in their surrounding environment including family, school, hospital, coworkers etc.
An interactive serious game to Target perspective taking skills among children with ASD: A usability testing
Published in Behaviour & Information Technology, 2021
Parisa Ghanouni, Tal Jarus, Jill G. Zwicker, Joseph Lucyshyn
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a prevalent childhood disorder which constitutes a range of symptoms in domains of social communication and repetitive patterns of behaviour or restricted interests (American Psychiatric Association 2013). Deficits in taking perspectives and being incapable of understanding the desires, feelings, and emotions of others, contribute to the challenges children with ASD face within social interactions (Baron-Cohen 2009; Moran et al. 2011). The ability to attribute behaviours to various intentions and emotions, and understanding what is in the mind of others are parts of empathy (Baron-Cohen 2009). Children with ASD might have co-occurring conditions and demonstrate atypical behaviours in attending to social cues, processing emotions, or perspective-taking (Baron-Cohen and Wheelwright 2004; Bird et al. 2010; Fletcher-Watson and Bird 2020), which profoundly affects their ability to participate socially and display socio-emotional reciprocity.
Web users with autism: eye tracking evidence for differences
Published in Behaviour & Information Technology, 2019
Sukru Eraslan, Victoria Yaneva, Yeliz Yesilada, Simon Harper
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder which affects communication and social interaction (American Psychiatric Association 2013). The prevalence of autism grew from 0.5 to 14.7 per 1000 children over 1970–2010 (Dave and Fernandez 2014) and is currently known to affect about 1 in 100 people in the UK (Brugha et al. 2012). Attention also develops differently among those with autism, with a record of atypical attention patterns dating back to as early as the first mention of this condition by Leo Kanner in 1943 (Kanner 1943). For instance, an autistic individual may rely on only one sensory modality, while several are relevant to a task – a phenomenon known as stimulus overselectivity (Lovaas and Schreibman 1971). These characteristics may present themselves as challenges when people with autism use the web, which is why autism has been included in the WCAG 2.0 guidelines under the umbrella term ‘cognitive disabilities’ (Caldwell et al. 2008).