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Arctic Phyto-Technology
Published in Neloy Khare, Climate Change in the Arctic, 2022
Rajesh Kumar Dubey, Priyanka Babel
Multiplication of plants under micropropagation can be affected by inducing callogenesis, i.e. shoot bud differentiation and somatic embryogenesis in explants. Callogenesis can be adventitious, without intervening callusing, at the cut end of an excised shoot tip as well as in the axil of nodal stem explants, or it can be in callus tissue; the former results into direct regeneration and clonal multiplication, whereas the latter results into indirect regeneration, which may be of non-clonal nature. The somatic embryogenesis is advantageous since the embryoids possess a ready-made root system, while in regenerated shoots, rooting is to be induced. The embryoids differentiated from somatic tissue directly develop into plants without intervening callus phase. Very young zygotic embryos of homozygous plants are expected to produce clonal plants.
Enhancement of heavy metal tolerance and accumulation efficiency by expressing Arabidopsis ATP sulfurylase gene in alfalfa
Published in International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2019
V. Kumar, S. AlMomin, A. Al-Shatti, H. Al-Aqeel, F. Al-Salameen, A. B. Shajan, S. M. Nair
Several grass species and legumes are efficient in phytoremediation of soil contaminated with crude oil, PAH, and heavy metals (Yateem et al. 2007; Mukherjee et al. 2016). Leguminous plant species such as alfalfa have unique advantages in the remediation of oil-contaminated soil: the plants can survive moderate levels of crude oil and mixtures of heavy metals, and owing to their nitrogen-fixing ability they can survive in marginal soil with minimal fertilizer application. Alfalfa has been successfully used for the remediation of contaminated soil (Hamdi et al. 2012; Li et al. 2017; Wang et al. 2015; Agnello et al. 2016). It can tolerate high levels of certain heavy metals such as Vanadium (V), which is generally found in soil contaminated with crude oil (Yang et al. 2011). In previous studies from Kuwait, it was found that alfalfa can tolerate and grow at 6500 ppm of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH). However, it is evident that the phytoremediation efficiency of alfalfa could be greatly improved through genetic engineering. Developing a robust genetic transformation system is critical for the successful transformation of any plant species. Among the available options, the somatic embryogenesis route appears to have certain advantages, such as higher transformation efficiency, minimal escapes, and it is considered to be relatively fast procedure to obtain transgenic plants (Fiore et al. 1997; Leelavathi et al. 2004; Kumar et al. 2006). The embryogenesis-based regeneration also greatly reduces the occurrence of chimeric transgenic events.