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Plant Growth–Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and Bioremediation of Industrial Waste
Published in Ram Chandra, R.C. Sobti, Microbes for Sustainable Development and Bioremediation, 2019
Sangeeta Yadav, Kshitij Singh, Ram Chandra
The success of remediation through plant is dependent on the potential of the plants to yield high biomass and withstand under stress condition. Plant hormones are chemical messengers that influence the plant’s ability to react to its environment. These are naturally organic compounds that are effective at very low concentration and are mostly synthesized in certain parts of the plant and transported to another location. Plant hormones, also referred to as phytohormones, influence physiological processes at low concentrations. Auxin is a class of plant hormones important in the promotion of lateral root formation. Increased lateral root formation leads to an enhanced ability to take up nutrients and pollutants by the plant. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is the most common, naturally occurring, plant hormone of the auxin class. It is the best known of the auxins. IAA is the foremost phytohormone that accelerates plant growth and development by improving root/shoot growth and seedling vigor. IAA is involved in phototropism and geotropism, cell division, vascular bundle formation, vascular tissue differentiation, apical dominance, root initiation (lateral and adventitious), stem and root elongation, and an essential hormone for nodule formation.
Turfgrass Physiology and Environmental Stresses
Published in L.B. (Bert) McCarty, Golf Turf Management, 2018
Unlike mammals, plants lack a nervous system and sensory organs that allow them, among other things, to respond to various environmental stimuli. Plants, however, employ chemicals called growth hormones, which are synthesized in one part of the plant, translocated to other parts, and, in low concentrations, cause various growth responses. A plant hormone is a chemical messenger involved in the regulation of plant metabolism, growth, and morphogenesis. Due to their low concentrations found in plants, discovery and understanding of most plant growth hormones have been delayed until the advent of highly sensitive scientific equipment. Growth-promoting hormones include auxins, gibberellins, and cytokinins, while growth-inhibiting hormones include ethylene and abscisic acid (Figure 2.27).
Plant Responses and Tolerance to Salt Stress
Published in Hasanuzzaman Mirza, Nahar Kamrun, Fujita Masayuki, Oku Hirosuke, Tofazzal M. Islam, Approaches for Enhancing Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants, 2019
Babar Shahzad, Shah Fahad, Mohsin Tanveer, Shah Saud, Imtiaz Ali Khan
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are polyhydroxy steroidal plant hormones that play pivotal roles in a wide range of developmental processes in plants (Clouse and Sasse, 1998). BRs are not only involved in numerous physiological and biochemical processes of plants but also induce tolerance against abiotic stresses (Ali et al., 2007, 2008a; Cao et al., 2005; Dhaubhadel et al., 1999; Hasan et al., 2008; Krishna, 2003; Nakashita et al., 2003; Rehman et al., 2018; Shahzad et al., 2018; Sharma et al., 2018; Steber and McCourt, 2001; Yu et al., 2004; Zhang et al., 2008). The potential application of BRs in agriculture to improve crop productivity under various stresses have been well documented (Khripach et al., 2000; Shahbaz et al., 2008; Xia et al., 2009).
Effect of Priestia endophytica on the metabolites accumulation in chicory and lettuce plants cultivated in vitro
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2023
Maksym Kharkhota, Maksym Kharchuk, Volodymyr Duplij, Jan Brindza, Liliia Avdieieva, Nadiia Matvieieva
In our previous study (unpublished data), P. endophytica UCM B-5715 strain was studied to synthesize some phytohormones, indole-3-acetic and indolebutyric acids in the amount of 760 and 59 µg/l culture fluid, respectively. These chemicals are well-known plant hormones of the auxin class, which regulate various growth processes in plants. IAA regulates tissue differentiation, apical dominance, growth, and other developmental processes; moreover, roots are most sensitive to IAA activity. This effect can explain the stimulating effect of the culture liquid, especially on the growth of roots in our studies. The promotion of lettuce and chicory root growth probably caused enhanced absorption of the nutrients that were part of the MS medium (ammonium nitrate, calcium chloride, magnesium sulfate, potassium nitrate, and others). Improvement of mineral nutrition of plants could be the cause of biosynthetic changes found in plants. At the same time, IAA acts not only as a hormone but also as an effector molecule between bacteria and plants.[22] A small concentration of the active substance is sufficient for the manifestation of such signaling activity. The bioactivity of the culture liquid can be explained by this specific action of IAA since IAA was in it in a small concentration. It should be noted that since the plants of the two species were grown under the same conditions, the differences in their response to the action of the culture liquid could probably be explained by their physiological and genetic characteristics, which were mentioned above.