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Turfgrass Physiology and Environmental Stresses
Published in L.B. (Bert) McCarty, Golf Turf Management, 2018
Tiller production also is influenced by mowing height and frequency. Physiological control of tillering is influenced by the concentration of the internal growth hormone, auxin. When sufficient concentrations of auxin are produced in the apical meristem and expanding leaves, tillering is inhibited, a process referred to as apical dominance. Tillering is stimulated when the auxin in shoot tips is removed by mowing. Thus, frequently mowing golf turfgrasses at less than or equal to 1 inch (2.5 cm), for example, encourages tiller production. However, if mowed less frequently above this height, auxin accumulates at the leaf tips, tillering is suppressed, and the plant uses its carbohydrate reserves to form new leaves at the expense of tiller production.
Apple
Published in Debashis Mandal, Ursula Wermund, Lop Phavaphutanon, Regina Cronje, Temperate Fruits, 2021
Graciela María Colavita, Mariela Curetti, Dolores Raffo, María Cristina Sosa, Laura I. Vita
The purpose of pruning is to achieve structures that allow the best fruit production in the shortest possible time. The practice of pruning modifies the distribution of the intercepted sunlight to improve the formation and differentiation of fruit buds. Pruning is the most commonly used method to alter apical dominance, and there are general responses. Pruning changes the balance between the upper part of the tree and the part below the ground, while reducing the overall amount of dry matter accumulation.
Glossary of scientific and technical terms in bioengineering and biological engineering
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Scientific and Technical Terms in Bioengineering and Biological Engineering, 2018
Apical dominance refers to the phenomenon of inhibition of growth of lateral (axillary) buds in a plant by the presence of the terminal (apical) bud on the branch, due to auxins produced by the apical bud.
Impacts of root pruning intensity and direction on the phytoremediation of moderately Cd-polluted soil by Celosia argentea
Published in International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2022
Youjun Tang, Tian Gan, Min Cao, Jinnuo Song, Dan Chen, Jie Luo
Root pruning is a common agronomic management practice. The application of this practice can remove the apical dominance that impedes the development of lateral roots, thereby increasing the biomass yield, water use efficiency, and nutrient uptake capacity of plants (Valdés-Rodríguez and Pérez-Vázquez 2019). However, there are conflicting results from previous studies regarding the impacts of root cutting of different plants. Generalized statements are not accurate because multiple factors can influence the responses of plants to root pruning. Physiological responses depend on the type of species, pruning deposition, pruning time, pruning size, and pruning intensity. For example, low pruning intensity results in high root vigor in Ricinus communis L.; contrastingly, the severity of root pruning increases the rooting ability of Pyrus communis L. Moreover, suitable pruning practices can disrupt the physiological equilibrium of plants and change the hormone levels in their tissues. Feng et al. (2018) reported that the content of indole-3-acetic acid, which is a type of plant hormone that stimulates the growth rate of plants, increased in Platycladus orientalis L. Franco roots when the taproots were removed. In addition, the loss of roots is inevitable during the transplanting process, which is an important procedure of phytoremediation because the integrity of the roots could be damaged to varying degrees when excavating the cultivated plants from the soil.