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Extraction and Utilisation of Bioactive Compounds from agricultural Waste
Published in Quan V. Vuong, Utilisation of Bioactive Compounds from Agricultural and Food Waste, 2017
Shamina Azeez, C.K. Narayana, H.S. Oberoi
Fermentation processes are of two types: submerged fermentation (SmF), where microorganisms are cultivated in a liquid medium containing nutrients and solid state fermentation (SSF), where the microbial growth and product formation occurs on solid particles in the absence (or near absence) of directly available water. However, the substrate contains sufficient moisture to allow growth and metabolism of microorganisms (Pandey 2003). Solid state fermentation has gained more importance since this process may lead to a higher yield and productivity or better product characteristics than SmF. In addition, since low-cost agricultural and agro-industrial residues are utilized as substrates, capital and operating costs are lower as compared to SmF. Low water volume in SSF has also a large impact on the economy of the process due to smaller fermenter-size, reduced downstream processing, reduced stirring and lower sterilization costs (Nigam 2009, Pandey 2003). The main limitation of SSF, however, is the scaling-up of the process, largely due to heat transfer and culture homogeneity problems (Di Luccio et al. 2004, Mitchell et al. 2000). Although many bioactive compounds are still produced by SmF, in the last few decades, the SSF technique is being preferred for its efficiency.
Bioreactors for Biomass Conversion
Published in S Rangabhashiyam, V Ponnusami, Pardeep Singh, Biotechnological Approaches in Waste Management, 2023
Aayush Kumar Choudhary, A. Ayush Kumar, Ojshwi Prakash, Godwin Glivin, N. Kalaiselvan, H. Hareesh Krishnan, M. Premalatha, V. Mariappan, Joseph Sekhar
Solid-state fermentation (SSF) has been viewed as a potential technology to aid the production of food, pharmaceutical products, and chemicals classed as microbial products. Biopulping, bioremediation, biobeneficiation, and bioleaching are the effective routes, where the microbial processes can be utilized. As the name indicates, SSF is observed in the absence of any free flowing liquid. The substrates that need to support the growth and metabolism of the microorganism need to possess enough moisture. The environment-friendly behavior backed up by lower energy requirements and lower wastewater production makes SSF an opportunistic technology in the processing of agro-industrial residues (Pandey, 2003).
Value-Added Microbial Byproducts
Published in Volodymyr Ivanov, Environmental Microbiology for Engineers, 2020
Solid-state fermentation (SSF) is a process in which microorganisms grow on or within solid substrates in the absence of free water. The basic component of SSF is the “solid substrate bed” in a tray or rotating drum containing the solids with voids. Solid substrate beds contain water for the growth of microorganisms. The solid material in this process acts both as a physical support and as a source of nutrients. To simplify product isolation from the medium, inert material, for example polyurethane foam, may be used instead of natural raw material such as wheat bran.
Proximate composition, polyphenols, and antioxidant activity of solid state fermented peanut press cake
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2021
Joginder Singh Duhan, Prince Chawla, Suresh Kumar, Aarti Bains, Pardeep Kumar Sadh
The agro-industrial wastes have high constituents that support suitable conditions for the growth of microorganisms and also provide a cost-effective raw materials for processes like solid-state fermentation (SSF). SSF is completed on a solid source that acts as physical support as well as nutrients source in absence of free-flowing liquid.[12,13] There are many factors responsible for the development of successful SSF. One important factor is the selection of an appropriate microorganism. As the moisture content is low in solid state fermentation media, it favors the growth of fungi which are commonly used for SSF.[14] During SSF many physiochemical changes occurred in substrate. So, SSF can be used to enhance the functional properties of the substrate. Commonly used press cakes are coconut oil cake, soybean oil cake, peanut oil cake, sunflower oil cake, etc. Here in this study, peanut press cake is used. Different properties of peanut press cake like phenolic contents, antioxidant properties, and proximate composition affected by solid state fermentation were studied in the current investigation.
Thermo-alkali-stable lipase from a novel Aspergillus niger: statistical optimization, enzyme purification, immobilization and its application in biodiesel production
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2021
Dina H. El-Ghonemy, Thanaa H. Ali, Naziha M. Hassanein, Eman M. Abdellah, Mohamed Fadel, Ghada E. A. Awad, Dalia A. M. Abdou
Lipase enzymes are mostly extracellular and have been produced using submerged fermentation (SmF) due to the relative ease of handling and better control of the different environmental parameters. However, solid state fermentation (SSF) can enhance the yield of the enzyme and reduce the enzyme production cost.[5] SSF is defined as the cultivation of a microorganism on a solid substrate in slightly absence of free water. This technique has proved to be the most appropriate process for lipase production by filamentous fungi in developing countries due to the potential use of agro-industrial residues as fermentation substrate, low energy requirements and lower water output, and lack of foam build-up.[5] The biosynthesis of lipase is highly affected by medium composition and various physicochemical parameters i.e., the medium pH, temperature and dissolved oxygen. Hence, different strategies have been employed to optimize these parameters for optimal enzymes production from microorganisms using experimental statistical designs.[6]
Dynamic mathematical modeling of heat and mass transfer incorporating with the local nutrient and biomass limitation of growth in a packed-bed solid-state bioreactor
Published in Preparative Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2019
Mosayeb Zolfaghari-Esmaeelabadi, Parisa Hejazi
Solid-state fermentation (SSF) refers to a group of fermentative processes in which the microorganisms grow on a wet solid substrate in the absence or near absence of free water.[1,2] Enjoying numerous potentials including higher yield (certain enzymes), use of low-cost substrates, and lower energy requirement, SSF systems are particularly attractive to industrial applications.[3,4] The production of soy sauce koji, organic acids (like citric and gluconic acids), and industrial enzymes (such as amylases, cellulases, lipases, pectinases, and protease) have been commercially developed in large scale.[5] In addition, production of spores for use as pesticides is another commercial application of SSF systems. Composting, biobeneficiation, and biotransformation of agro-industrial residues are other SSF aspects that have found a growing interest among the researchers over the last 20 years.[6]