China 
Africa 
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Quantitative Cardiac PET in Small Animals: Technical Aspects
Published in Robert J. Gropler, David K. Glover, Albert J. Sinusas, Heinrich Taegtmeyer, Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging, 2007
Placement of an arterial/venous shunt: This technique requires a catheter surgically inserted between a large artery and vein, typically the carotid artery and the jugular vein. A blood flow probe is attached to a transit time flowmeter and a beta probe is placed within this loop to simultaneously measure blood flow and count rate (Fig. 3). Using this system we have obtained flow values that were consistent with the normal blood flow values in mice as previously reported (13). Arterial/venous shunts also allow for excellent temporal resolution but are technically demanding, requiring extensive animal preparation, complex catheter manipulation, and physiological monitoring. Thus, serial studies in the same animal are not possible with this method.
Chapter 22 Safety-Critical Systems And Engineering Design: Cardiac And Blood-Related Devices
Published in B H Brown, R H Smallwood, D C Barber, P V Lawford, D R Hose, Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, 2017
A shunt is formed by permanently placing PTFE and silicone rubber cannulae into an adjacent artery and vein. The cannulae are brought out through the skin, and are normally joined together, thus forming an arteriovenous shunt. The rigid PTFE tip is inserted into the vessel and tied off, and the silicone rubber catheter is brought through the skin and anchored in position. The connection to the dialysis machine is made by clamping off each arm of the shunt, separating the ends and then connecting the blood lines to the machine.
High-Voltage Measurements
Published in Mazen Abdel-Salam, Hussein Anis, Ahdab El-Morshedy, Roshdy Radwan, High-Voltage Engineering, 2018
Two forms of shunt are in common use: the coiled bifilar and the coaxial tube shunt. The former is used in the secondaries of current transformers and other applications where the transient current is relatively limited in magnitude. Coiled bifilar shunts normally have resistances in the order of a few ohms. Coaxial tube shunts may have resistances as small as microohms and are used mainly for measuring large currents (Hebner et al., 1977).
Advances in CSF shunt devices and their assessment for the treatment of hydrocephalus
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2021
Kamran Aghayev, Sheikh MA Iqbal, Waseem Asghar, Bunyad Shahmurzada, Frank D. Vrionis
Shunts differ upon the type of their outflow location: such as ventriculoperitoneal (VPS), ventriculoatrial (VAS), and ventriculopleural (VPlS). Moreover, there is a specific shunt type called lumboperitoneal (LPS), which diverts the CSF from lumbar subarachnoid space to the peritoneal cavity.