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Nanomechanical Analysis of Cells from Cancer Patients
Published in Lajos P. Balogh, Nano-Enabled Medical Applications, 2020
Sarah E. Cross, Yu-Sheng Jin, Jianyu Rao, James K. Gimzewski
Analyses of body fluid samples, rather than primary tumour samples, were chosen here, because tumour cells in body fluid are all metastatic in nature and thus provide a clonal population of metastatic cells for analysis. Additionally, the co-existence of both benign and metastatic cells in a single specimen provides a native internal control. Body cavities, including pleural, pericardial and peritoneal cavities, are covered by serous membranes consisting of a single row of flat mesothelial cells on the surface and an underlying submesothelial layer, which cover a very large surface area in close contact with every major organ of the body. Because of their continuity with the lymphatic system, these cavities are commonly the seat of metastasis. Metastatic malignant effusions constitute an unequivocal sign of widespread cancer. Current cancer cell detection relies on qualitative morphological analyses of shape change resulting from biochemical alterations, such as cytoskeletal remodelling [25]. However, morphological analysis of cells recovered from an effusion is often difficult to diagnose because of the notorious reactivity of mesothelial cells in mimicking metastatic cancer cells morphologically, featuring enlarged nuclei, increased nuclear and cytoplasmic ratios, among other cytomorphological features.
Decellularized inner body membranes for tissue engineering: A review
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2020
Ilyas Inci, Araz Norouz Dizaji, Ceren Ozel, Ugur Morali, Fatma Dogan Guzel, Huseyin Avci
In tissue engineering, decellularization of body membranes is a commonly used approach in order to prepare biocompatible and functional tissue constructs [9]. Body membranes are thin sheets or layers of cells or tissues which cover the surface of internal organs, the outside of the body and lines various body cavities [10]. These membranes are divided into two main types which are epithelial membranes and connective tissue membranes [10]. Epithelial membranes include both of a layer of epithelial tissue and a layer of fibrous connective tissue however connective tissue membranes contain various types of connective tissues without any epithelial cells [11]. Epithelial membranes are classified into three groups which are cutaneous membrane, serous membrane and mucous membrane [11]. Pleura, peritoneum and pericardium are categorized as serous membranes in the group of epithelial membranes [10]. Mesentery and omentum are derived from peritoneum so these membranes are also classified as epithelial membranes [12]. Amniotic membrane is composed of epithelial cells [13] and it was categorized as a serous membrane [14] therefore it is a type of epithelial membranes. Fascia, periosteum and synovial membranes are in the group of connective tissue membranes [10]. It should be noted that even though skin is a cutaneous membrane and covers the outside of the body [11], the topic of this study is focused on the inner body membranes therefore skin is excluded. The illustrations of epithelial membranes and connective tissue membranes which have been used in decellularization-related studies are shown in Figures 1 and 2, respectively.