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Musculoskeletal system
Published in David A Lisle, Imaging for Students, 2012
In other areas, extra views may be requested depending on the clinical context Acromioclavicular joint: weight-bearing viewsElbow: oblique view for radial headWrist: angled views of the scaphoid boneHip: oblique views of the acetabulumKnee: intercondylar notch view; skyline view of the patellaAnkle: angled views of the subtalar joint; axial view of the calcaneus
Imaging of the upper limb
Published in Sarah McWilliams, Practical Radiological Anatomy, 2011
o The flexor retinaculum attaches to the pisiform, hook of hamate, scaphoid bone and trapezium. The median nerve runs through the carpal tunnel. The median nerve supplies the thenar eminence. Patients with carpal tunnel syndrome present with tingling in the fingers of the median nerve distribution, i.e. thumb to radial side of ring finger.
Fifth metatarsal strain distribution during cutting motions in soccer
Published in Sports Biomechanics, 2023
Yusuke Miyazaki, Rui Sugizaki, Miku Kawasaki, Takumi Nakagawa, Yasuaki Saho, Tomohiko Tateishi
The finite-element foot model was constructed based on the computed tomography (CT) image of a foot, as shown in Figure 2(a), using Hypermesh 2019 (Altair Engineering Co.). Materialise Mimics (Materialise Co.) was used to construct the finite-element model of the fifth metatarsal with distributed material properties. The bone structure consisted of the basal bone, metatarsal bones, medial cuneiform bone, intermediate cuneiform bone, lateral cuneiform bone, and cuboid bone. The talus—calcaneus–scaphoid bone and proximal phalanx—intermediate phalanx—distal phalanx of each toe were integrated as rigid bodies. Beam elements were used to model the ligaments, tendons, and aponeuroses. Second order tetrahedral solid elements were used for the bones and soft-tissue modelling. The total number of finite elements was 199 634.
Surgical drilling of curved holes in bone – a patent review
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2019
Alexander Sendrowicz, Marta Scali, Costanza Culmone, Paul Breedveld
Conventional drills are rigid and straight. The limited maneuverability and the rigidity of the shaft make these conventional surgical instruments not well suited for a range of surgical procedures [2]. For example, fracture fixation of the scaphoid bone, a small bone located in the human wrist, with a straight screw can be difficult to perform due to the curved shape of the scaphoid bone. As a result, the straight screw is often implanted inadequately, and unable to fix the bone fracture [9]. During the drilling in the medullary canal, which is the marrow cavity of a bone, the canal has to be enlarged by removing part of the bone. Because a medullary canal is slightly curved, the use of a straight and rigid drill will be suboptimal for the resection of the proper amount of bone [10]. In vertebroplasty surgery, a surgical treatment for spinal fractures, a cavity is drilled and filled with bone cement in order to strengthen the fractured vertebral body. A limitation of existing drilling systems used for this procedure, is targeting the location within the bone at which the cavity should be created, prior to filling with bone cement. As a result, the drilled path is often not aligned with the fracture within the vertebral body, limiting the effectiveness of this technique [11–13]. In core decompression, a surgical procedure that involves surgical drilling in the area of dead bone near a joint, the use of rigid straight drills prohibits the surgeon from successfully reaching the desired sites in a bone. A drill able to drill a curved hole, instead, might be able to reach the target lesion areas [14] (Figure 1).