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Designing for Hand and Wrist Anatomy
Published in Karen L. LaBat, Karen S. Ryan, Human Body, 2019
The carpal bones are grouped into two rows, with four bones in each row (Figure 7.1). The four proximal bones, adjacent to the radius and ulna, starting from the lateral (thumb) side, are the scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, and pisiform. When translated from Latin, these terms describe the shapes of the bones: boat-shaped, moon-shaped, triangular, and pea-shaped (Saladin, 2014, p. 187). The distal row from the lateral side are the trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate. The scaphoid, particularly susceptible to fracture, links the two rows of carpal bones (Katz, 2014, p. 5). Scaphoid fractures usually occur from a fall on the outstretched arm (McKinley & O’Loughlin, 2006, p. 23).
Musculoskeletal system
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
MRI may also demonstrate the complications of scaphoid fracture such as non-union or avascular necrosis. T1-weighted images are useful to assess marrow abnormalities such as fracture or avascular necrosis. Joint fluid and cystic lesions are high signal on PD- and T2-weighted images and low signal on T1-weighted images. T2-weighted images demonstrate ganglion cysts, the most common soft tissue mass of the hand and wrist. The tendons, ligaments and fibrocartilage are low signal intensity on all sequences and abnormalities are best seen on T2- or protein density-weighted images.
Growth and maturity status of young male table tennis players
Published in Research in Sports Medicine, 2022
Manuel J. Coelho-e-Silva, Jan M. Konarski, Magdalena Krzykała, Szymon Galas, Pluta Beata, Piotr Żurek, Jorge Faria, Oscar M. Tavares, Tomas G. Oliveira, Inês Rodrigues, Diogo V. Martinho, João Valente-Dos-Santos, Robert M. Malina
Skeletal age (SA) estimated from the hand-wrist radiograph using the Fels method (Roche et al., 1988). The protocol considers specific indicators for the 22 bones of hand-wrist: the radius, ulna, capitate, hamate, triquetral, pisiform, lunate, scaphoid, trapezium, trapezoid, adductor sesamoid, metacarpals I, III and V, proximal phalanges I, III and V, medial phalanges III and V, and distal phalanges I, III and V. Maturity indicators for each bone include the presence or absence of the centre of ossification in the radiograph, changes in shape of the carpals, ratios of epiphyseal and diaphyseal widths of the long bones, and capping and fusion of the long bones. Assigned grades and width measurements were entered into the Felshw 1.0 software (Felshw 1.0, Software Lifespan Health and Research Centre, Departments of Community Health and Paediatrics, Booshoft School Medicine, Wright State University Dayton, Ohio, USA) to derive a SA and its standard error for each player. A single trained observer assessed all radiographs (first author). The maturity status of each individual was subsequently classified as follows (Malina, 2011): late (SA younger than CA by more than 1.0 year); average or on time (the difference between SA and CA was within the band of −1.0 years to +1.0 years); early (SA older than CA by more than 1.0 years); or mature (no SA is assigned).
Development of a musculoskeletal model of the wrist to predict frictional work dissipated due to tendon gliding resistance in the carpal tunnel
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2021
J. D. Glenday, B. Steinhilber, F. Jung, D. F. B. Haeufle
The subject underwent further MR imaging to investigate the routing of the FDS III tendon through the carpal tunnel. Again, in the ‘Superman position’, the forearm was orientated in a neutral position, with the thumbs up, and the wrist was placed inside a birdcage radiofrequency coil using a custom-made rig (Figure 1). VIBE (with spectrally adiabatic inversion recovery) images of the wrist were obtained (Table 2) in five positions: a neutral position (0 of wrist flexion-extension), and positions at 30 and 60 of flexion and extension. In each position, the inlet and outlet planes of the carpal tunnel were defined using bony landmarks. Landmarks on the scaphoid, triquetrum, and pisiform defined the inlet plane and landmarks on the hamate, trapezium, and capitate defined the outlet plane. Each landmark was defined as the most ventral point of the bone at its midpoint, as viewed from the axial view of the MR images. The morphology of the FDS III tendon was determined relative to ulnar reference frame in each plane (supplementary material).
Surgical drilling of curved holes in bone – a patent review
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2019
Alexander Sendrowicz, Marta Scali, Costanza Culmone, Paul Breedveld
Conventional drills are rigid and straight. The limited maneuverability and the rigidity of the shaft make these conventional surgical instruments not well suited for a range of surgical procedures [2]. For example, fracture fixation of the scaphoid bone, a small bone located in the human wrist, with a straight screw can be difficult to perform due to the curved shape of the scaphoid bone. As a result, the straight screw is often implanted inadequately, and unable to fix the bone fracture [9]. During the drilling in the medullary canal, which is the marrow cavity of a bone, the canal has to be enlarged by removing part of the bone. Because a medullary canal is slightly curved, the use of a straight and rigid drill will be suboptimal for the resection of the proper amount of bone [10]. In vertebroplasty surgery, a surgical treatment for spinal fractures, a cavity is drilled and filled with bone cement in order to strengthen the fractured vertebral body. A limitation of existing drilling systems used for this procedure, is targeting the location within the bone at which the cavity should be created, prior to filling with bone cement. As a result, the drilled path is often not aligned with the fracture within the vertebral body, limiting the effectiveness of this technique [11–13]. In core decompression, a surgical procedure that involves surgical drilling in the area of dead bone near a joint, the use of rigid straight drills prohibits the surgeon from successfully reaching the desired sites in a bone. A drill able to drill a curved hole, instead, might be able to reach the target lesion areas [14] (Figure 1).