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Published in Valerio Voliani, Nanomaterials and Neoplasms, 2021
Eun-Kyung Lim, Taekhoon Kim, Soonmyung Paik, Seungjoo Haam, Yong-Min Huh, Kwangyeol Lee
Hyeon et al. produced magnetic AuNSs for anti-HER2/neu-targeted photothermal therapy [835]. In a typical synthesis, Fe3O4 nanoparticles and gold seed nanoparticles were assembled on amino-modified silica spheres and then an AuNS shell was overgrown onto Au seeds eventually to wrap around the silica spheres. They conjugated an antibody, anti-HER2/neu (AbHER2/neu), onto the surface of the magnetic AuNSs using a PEG linker to target the HER2/neu receptors of the breast cancer cells (Fig. 16.38A). HER2/neu-positive SKBr3 breast cancer cells were incubated with HER2/neu-conjugated magnetic AuNS for 2 h at 37°C. After exposure to the NIR laser (800 nm, 80 mW), no destruction of the control SKBr3 cells was observed. However, cell death was observed even at a low power of 20 mW in the presence of the HER2/neu-conjugated magnetic AuNS.
Spectral CT Imaging Using MARS Scanners
Published in Katsuyuki Taguchi, Ira Blevis, Krzysztof Iniewski, Spectral, Photon Counting Computed Tomography, 2020
Aamir Y. Raja, Steven P. Gieseg, Sikiru A. Adebileje, Steven D. Alexander, Maya R. Amma, Fatemeh Asghariomabad, Ali Atharifard, Benjamin Bamford, Stephen T. Bell, Srinidhi Bheesette, Anthony P. H. Butler, Philip H. Butler, Pierre Carbonez, Alexander I. Chernoglazov, Shishir Dahal, Jérôme Damet, Niels J. A. de Ruiter, Robert M. N. Doesburg, Brian P. Goulter, Joseph L. Healy, Praveen K. Kanithi, Stuart P. Lansley, Chiara Lowe, V. B. H. Mandalika, Emmanuel Marfo, Aysouda Matanaghi, Mahdieh Moghiseh, Raj K. Panta, Hannah M. Prebble, Nanette Schleich, Emily Searle, Jereena S. Sheeja, Rayhan Uddin, Lieza Vanden Broeke, V. S. Vivek, E. Peter Walker, Michael F. Walsh, Manoj Wijesooriya
Figure 7.11 shows a proof of concept using a similar methodology as stated above; AuNPs monoclonal antibodies and MARS imaging show in vitro proof of principle that spectral molecular CT can measure gold-labeled specific antibodies targeted to specific cancer cells. A crossover study was performed with Raji lymphoma cancer cells and HER2 positive SKBR3 breast cancer cells using a MARS scanner. Raji cells were incubated with gold-labeled monoclonal antibody Rituximab (specific antibody that binds to CD20 antigen on human B-cell lymphomas) and Herceptin (as a control). HER2 positive SKBR3 breast cancer cells were incubated with the gold-labeled monoclonal antibody Herceptin (specific antibody to HER2 positive cancer cells) and Rituximab (as a control). For more details on this, we direct the reader to our paper [3]. Figure 7.12 shows in vivo imaging of gold in mice with implanted tumor.
Multi-Functional Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications
Published in Surender Kumar Sharma, Nanohybrids in Environmental & Biomedical Applications, 2019
Balaprasad Ankamwar, Saee Gharpure, Aman Akash
Active targeting has also been done by functionalization of the NHs using antibodies. Gelatin–iron oxide NHs, which are amphiphilic in nature, have been functionalized by attachment of Herceptin (HER) (trastuzumab) monoclonal antibodies against HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer cells [49]. Efficient internalization of these NHs with HER has been observed in HER2 overexpression breast cancer cell lines (SKBr3 cells) compared to non-targeted NHs. This shows the increase in efficiency of the functionalized NHs to recognize HER2 receptors so as to differentiate between cells showing differential expression of HER2 receptors in HER2 overexpression breast cancer cell lines (SKBr3 cells). Active targeting has also been achieved by using synthetic peptides for the functionalization of NHs. Simultaneous synthesis and capping of gold nanoparticles with cell penetrating peptides (CPP) have been achieved ultimately resulting in the formation of Au–CPP NHs. These NHs have shown increased penetration ability as well as considerable cytotoxicity when tested on HeLa cells, unlike the unlabelled gold nanoparticles, thus serving as a promising candidate for targeted drug delivery [50] (see Figure 3.3).
Application of nanoparticles in cancer detection by Raman scattering based techniques
Published in Nano Reviews & Experiments, 2018
Rouhallah Ravanshad, Ayoob Karimi Zadeh, Ali Mohammad Amani, Seyyed Mojtaba Mousavi, Seyyed Alireza Hashemi, Amir Savar Dashtaki, Esmail Mirzaei, Bijan Zare
Several investigations have used RS to detect normal, precancerous and cancerous breast tissues. Most studies were done on breast cancer detection focusing on EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor). Overexpression or amplification of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2, a member of the EGFR family), also known as a tyrosine kinase transmembrane receptor, is a prognostic marker in many types of cancers. In breast cancer, a HER2-positive status is generally associated with a poor prognosis and a higher rate of disease recurrence compared with HER2-negative status. HER2 is an important biomarker, which plays an essential role in therapeutic decision making for breast cancer patients. Thus, identifying the HER2 status of breast cancer cells is very important for breast cancer therapies. Currently, the most commonly used methods for assessing HER2 status are immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Both methods suffer from several drawbacks such as being relatively time-consuming and not being suitable for direct in vivo detection. In this respect and to reduce the weakness, [70] used p-mercaptobenzoic acid (pMBA) molecules as both the Raman reporter (agents provide much higher Raman intensity) for generating SERS signals, and the conjugation agent for attaching antibody molecules to AgNPs. The method of nanoparticle preparation is straightforward because no shell is needed. The results showed that SKBR3 (as HER2-positive cells) exhibits much stronger SERS signals than MCF7 (as HER2 negative cells), indicating that the SERS probe potentially can distinguish the HER2 status of different kinds of breast cancer cells [69,71].
The in vitro study of Her-2 targeted gold nanoshell liquid fluorocarbon poly lactic-co-glycolic acid ultrasound microcapsule for ultrasound imaging and breast tumor photothermal therapy
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2018
Yu Zhang, Cai-feng Wan, Jing Du, Qi Dong, Yuan-yuan Wang, Hong Yang, Feng-hua Li
Due to the PLGA as film forming and PFOB as internal material, the Her2-PFOB@PLGA@Au NPs had high potential to be applied for ultrasound contrast imaging with the great function of ultrasonoscopy. Gold nanoshell based on the plasma resonance, has great photothermal conversion efficiency in the near infrared region, and it is widely used in tumor photothermal therapy [24]. In this paper, own to the formation of gold nanoshell, the Her2-PFOB@PLGA@Au NPs had good effect for NIR photothermal therapy. Besides, the modification of Her2 antibody leaded to the result that the nanoparticles had great targeting ability of recognizing and combining with the SKBR3 cells, which are known in overexpressing Her2 protein.