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Biological Hazards
Published in W. David Yates, Safety Professional’s Reference and Study Guide, 2020
Rocky Mountain spotted fever is the most severe tick-borne rickettsial illness in the United States. Occupations at greatest risk include military personnel, foresters, rangers, ranchers, farmers, trappers, construction workers, and lumber workers. This disease is caused by infection with the bacterial organism Rickettsia rickettsii. The organism that causes Rocky Mountain spotted fever is transmitted by the bite of an infected tick. The American dog tick (Dermacentor variabilis) and Rocky Mountain wood tick (Dermacentor andersoni) are the primary arthropods (vectors) that transmit Rocky Mountain spotted fever bacteria in the United States. The brown dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus has also been implicated as a vector as well as the tick Amblyomma cajennense in countries south of the United States.14
Human physiology, hazards and health risks
Published in Stephen Battersby, Clay's Handbook of Environmental Health, 2016
David J. Baker, Naima Bradley, Alec Dobney, Virginia Murray, Jill R. Meara, John O’Hagan, Neil P. McColl, Caryn L. Cox
These organisms represent a heterogeneous group of bacteria with unique phenotypic characteristic that are dependent on living cells for their survival.Chlamydiae are intracellular bacteria which are more commonly recognised as a causative of upper and lower respiratory tract infections and sexually transmitted infections.Mycoplasmas are ubiquitous, small-sized organisms that infect a variety of plant and animal species and have frequently been implicated as cell culture contaminants. Pathogenic mycoplasma infection results in atypical pneumonia.Rickettsiae are Gram-negative intracellular bacteria that are more commonly associated with arthropods such as ticks and fleas. Rickettsiae cause a range of serious zoonotic infections such as spotted fevers, endemic and scrub typhus, but are readily treated with antibiotics. It is important to note that they do not cause rickets, which is a result of vitamin D deficiency.Coxiellae are Gram-negative and include coxiella burneti which causes human Q fever – which is carried by arthropods (particularly ticks), fish, birds and mammals.
Biological Hazards
Published in W. David Yates, Safety Professional’s, 2015
Rocky Mountain spotted fever is the most severe tick-borne rickettsial illness in the United States. Occupations at greatest risk include military personnel, foresters, rangers, ranchers, farmers, trappers, construction workers, and lumber workers. This disease is caused by infection with the bacterial organism Rickettsia rickettsii. The organism that causes Rocky Mountain spotted fever is transmitted by the bite of an infected tick. The American dog tick (Dermacentor variabilis) and Rocky Mountain wood tick (Dermacentor andersoni) are the primary arthropods (vectors) that transmit Rocky Mountain spotted fever bacteria in the United States. The brown dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus has also been implicated as a vector as well as the tick Amblyomma cajennense in countries south of the United States.14
Navy Metrology and Applications of Biosensors
Published in NCSLI Measure, 2018
Subrata Sanyal, Dylan Shackelford
The biological agents that are released in a biological attack are categorized into two types: pathogens and toxins. The difference between the two is that a pathogen is a living organism, whereas a toxin is an inert by-product of a living organism. Pathogens include bacteria, viruses, rickettsia, and fungi. They are either naturally occurring or altered by genetic mutation for a desired goal. Toxins are just as deadly as pathogens, being produced by the metabolic activities of living organisms. Classical biological agents include anthrax, botulinum toxin, smallpox, tularemia, Q fever, ricin, viral hemorrhagic fevers, and the plague [7]. Biological agents fall into five main categories [8]:BacteriaRickettsiaViral agentsFungiToxins of biological origins.
Exposure of Ticks Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (Acari:Ixodidae) to Ozonated Water: Integument Response
Published in Ozone: Science & Engineering, 2020
Marina Rodrigues de Abreu, Italo Delalibera Junior, Natalia Rubio Claret Pereira, Maria Izabel Camargo-Mathias
The species Rhipicephalus sanguineus s. l. mainly afflicts dogs, but it can also parasitize other domestic animals and even humans (Gray et al. 2013). This species has great medical and veterinary importance since it is a vector of various pathogens (Rickettsia rickettsii, R. conorii, Ehrlichia canis, and Babesia vogeli) that cause diseases in dogs and humans, posing severe risks to animal welfare and public health (Dantas-Torres et al. 2018).