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Biocomposites as Implantable Biomaterials
Published in Yaser Dahman, Biomaterials Science and Technology, 2019
An application of antibacterial coating over biocomposites for craniofacial reconstruction was studied (Lazar, 2016). Hospitalization of patients or functional and structural impairment of the implant can happen after reconstructive surgery if infection occurs. Infection rates between 3% and 40% are reported for implants despite sterilization, even if antiseptic techniques are used and systemic antibiotics are prescribed before and after the craniofacial surgery. This large range of infections results in a high urgency to remove the implants. Reduction of the infection rate is possible if an antibacterial coating is applied to the surface of the biocomposite implants that are used for craniofacial reconstruction. Fiber-reinforced composite implants incorporated with antimicrobial properties were fabricated and tested. Gentamicin was applied as a coating on the external surface of the implant. Two bacterial strains that may cause infection (Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were exposed to the implant, which was tested for adherence of bacteria and efficiency against bacteria. The gentamicin coating repressed the growth of bacteria, leading to less adhesion of bacteria to the implant. The antibiotic coating of craniofacial implants reduced the infection rate. Gentamicin submission, bacterial strains and culture conditions, antibacterial efficiency tests, bacterial adherence, and data analysis were conducted. Data analysis was performed with SPSS 20 (Lazar, 2016).
Influence of nanotechnology in polymeric textiles, applications, and fight against COVID-19
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2021
Plastic and reconstructive surgery is an exceptionally versatile area, composed of craniofacially modified and hand surgeries; congenital, trauma, and oncologic reconstruction; burn caring, and esthetic surgery (Bundschuh et al., 2018). Novel NT advancements have notably influenced drug conveying approaches, wound mitigation, topical skin caring, implants, prosthetic architectures, and tissue engineering (Bundschuh et al., 2018). Presently, plastic surgeons are utilizing nanoscale devices in drug conveying, bone regeneration, and prosthetics. Electrospinning of nanofibrous matrices have evolved for skeletal muscle regeneration in both in-vitro and in-vivo tests models (Sahoo et al., 2007). Presently, plastic reconstructive surgeons are utilizing cartilage engineering utilized in orthopedic surgery (Wong et al., 2013). NM scaffolds offer geometrically porous architecture enabling osteoblastic differentiation (Saadeh et al., 2014). NT can be utilized in manipulating surfaces of bone replacement implantations in order to maximimally facilitate tissue in-growth, while reducing inflammation. Nanomedicinal route is a category of NT utilizing highly specialized molecular interventions for both diagnosing and treating diseases. Presently, nanomedicinal approach has advanced in drug conveying systems, gene manipulations, bodily and organ imaging, surgical tooling, and in diagnosis (Bratovčić et al., 2015; Bradley et al., 2011; Cheng et al., 2006; Duncan, 2011; Garcia et al., 2006; Gupta et al., 2016; Helmke & Minerick, 2006; Inbaraj & Chen, 2015; Jianrong et al., 2004; Joshi & Viswanathan, 2006; Mihindukulasuriya & Lim, 2014; Othman, 2014; Pandey et al., 2012).