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3D Nanoprinting in Oral Health Care Applications
Published in Ajit Behera, Tuan Anh Nguyen, Ram K. Gupta, Smart 3D Nanoprinting, 2023
Gaetano Isola, Alessandro Polizzi, Simona Santonocito
The technology initially involved in realising the artefacts consisted of subtractive manufacturing or milling that allowed to create accurate products but with some limitations: time consumption, material waste, and the impossibility of reproducing complex anatomies [69]. These limitations can be overcome through 3D printing, an additive manufacturing characterized by objects’ realization layer by layer [70]. This promising technology can be used in various fields of dentistry, not only in prosthodontics and restorative dentistry, but also in orthodontics, endodontics, periodontics, implantology, and oral and maxillofacial surgery (Figure 12.2).
State of the Art of Artificial Intelligence in Dentistry and Its Expected Future
Published in Lavanya Sharma, Mukesh Carpenter, Computer Vision and Internet of Things, 2022
Vukoman Jokanović, M. Živković, S. Živković
AI has changed the area of oral and maxillofacial surgery based on the appearance of image-guided surgery. Before surgery, CT, MRI, and CBCT images are now parts of clinical practice in many large hospitals. Such recordings allow the desired procedure to be derived more exactly than before the introduction of these techniques. Surgical removal of the lower third molars is challenging due to the great proximity of the third mandibular molar (M3) and the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN). Such interventions may cause neurosensory injury of the chin and lower mouth. The automated segmentation of panoramic images prior to extraction of M3 determines the proximity of M3 to neurosensomotor tissues, thus preventing damages to the tissues. In the future, these types of interventions will have an increasing application in orthognathic surgery influenced by extraordinary accuracy of image recognition, which shows different dentofacial irregularities [65, 66].
Future Trends in Biomedical Applications
Published in Savaş Kaya, Sasikumar Yesudass, Srinivasan Arthanari, Sivakumar Bose, Goncagül Serdaroğlu, Materials Development and Processing for Biomedical Applications, 2022
Somasundaram Ambiga, Raja Suja Pandian, Abdul Bakrudeen Ali Ahmed, Raju Ramasubbu, Ramu Arun Kumar, Lazarus Vijune Lawrence, Arjun Pandian, Sasikumar Yesudass, Sivakumar Bose
Rapid prototyping (RP) is a technique in which physical design can be directly developed with the assistance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computer assisted modelling (CAD) design and computed tomography (CT) data or any reverse engineering techniques. Used in numerous applications such as manufacturing industries, clinical operations, textile industries, aerospace applications and automotive industries, RP machines are now being used every day. In most cases, patient-specific medical models are developed. In order to generate medical models with high precision with less time, CT and MRI images are really a popular source of input. In the case of manufacturing medical models, high precision and adequate selection of materials is necessary. A wide variety of materials, such as cobalt chromium alloys, stainless steel, PEEK, titanium alloys, etc., are available for fabrication of medical devices. In the near future, bio fabrication is projected to grow to where machines can print human organs that can be effectively inserted into a patient to replace the damaged portion. Bio fabrication is currently used in various medical fields, such as dental surgery, oral and maxillofacial surgery, cardiac surgery, reconstructive and orthopedic surgery, etc.
A review on the applications of virtual reality, augmented reality and mixed reality in surgical simulation: an extension to different kinds of surgery
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2021
Abel J Lungu, Wout Swinkels, Luc Claesen, Puxun Tu, Jan Egger, Xiaojun Chen
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (OMS) refers to a clinical specialty that involves surgical procedures in the area of the mouth, neck, face and jaws [45]. Following the advancements in simulation-based surgery technology, the field of OMS has adopted the use of surgical simulators and the benefits of VR, AR and MR for simulating surgical procedures, as illustrated in Figure 3 [79]. VR has been applied in dental implantology [80,81], orthognathic surgery [82,83] and for mandibular reconstruction [84]. Literature encompassing drilling and cutting for VR-based simulated procedures are discussed in [45,81]. Hanken H. et al. [85] assessed the degree of similarity between the simulated plans and the actual results from performing the maxillofacial procedures. Virtual surgical planning and hardware manufacturing for open reduction and internal fixation of atrophic edentulous mandibular fractures have also been demonstrated in a series of case reports [86,87]. Matsuo A. et al. [88] used VR in endoscopic implant surgery for maxillofacial based applications. AR in maxillofacial surgery is beneficial for preoperative planning to provide practical outcome forecasts and intraoperative navigation to minimize possible risks [89]. AR has also been applied in dental implantology [90,91]. In a pilot-clinical analysis of two patients, the feasibility of using a virtual display for dynamic navigation during dental implantology has been evaluated to determine whether the usage of AR technology may affect the accuracy of dynamic navigation [92]. In the field of orthognathic surgery, the use of AR has also been demonstrated [93]. Other applications include the work performed by Zhu M. et al. [94] on a novel AR device, which has been used to view the alveolar nerve bundles in maxillofacial surgery. Karner et al. offer an implementation of AR operating on a regular mobile or tablet device, offering visualizations of patient-overlaid diagnostic image details in a video see-through mode [95]. MR systems such as the Microsoft’s HoloLens have been employed in operating rooms to help surgeons improve their decision-making and improve the operational flow [96]. Furthermore, MR has been used for surgical telepresence and visualization [97,98]. In orthognathic surgery, a system for mandibular motion tracking was developed and assessed by Fushima K. et al. [99]. Most MR clinical applications use manual registration. As a result, a marker-less implementation of MR for maxillofacial oncological surgery was developed and tested by Pepe A et al. [100], which was later extended to CT [101,102].