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Decision-Making to Achieve Sustainability in Factories
Published in K. Jayakrishna, K.E.K. Vimal, S. Aravind Raj, Asela K. Kulatunga, M.T.H. Sultan, J. Paulo Davim, Sustainable Manufacturing for Industry 4.0, 2020
Kumar Niraj, Das Ashish, Singh Lokesh, Tripathy Padmaja, K. Jayakrishna, Manjhi Shambhu Kumar, Das Ashish, Prasad Shashi Bhusan, Singh Lokesh, Tripathy Padmaja, K. Jayakrishna, Singh Lokesh, Maurya Sushil Kumar, Das Ashish, K. Jayakrishna
Medical applications. The medical field has wide applications for A.I. Medical surgeons are trained with A.I. robots (surgical) and A.I. simulators. A.I. finds vast application in detecting and monitoring neurological disorders as it can simulate brain functions. Radiosurgery is one of the big uses of A.I. in the medical field. Radiosurgery is very helpful in operating on tumours without damaging the surrounding tissues.
Minimally Invasive Surgical Robotics
Published in John G Webster, Minimally Invasive Medical Technology, 2016
Radiosurgery uses beams of radiation to ablate tissue, usually within the brain, that cannot be reached easily by other means. The beams come from a single radiation source that is aimed at the desired location from different angles, so as to minimize the amount of radiation deposited in healthy tissue. Accuracy of most radiosurgery systems approaches 1 mm.
Deep brain stimulation and other surgical modalities for the management of essential tremor
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2020
Kai-Liang Wang, Qianwei Ren, Shannon Chiu, Bhavana Patel, Fan-Gang Meng, Wei Hu, Aparna Wagle Shukla
Gamma knife procedure, pivotal in cancer treatment consists of precise destruction of normal or pathological cells in a desirable target without a consequence of unintentional collateral damage to the adjacent tissues [30,31]. Gamma knife thalamotomy is regarded as a noninvasive or a minimally invasive procedure because it does not require a burr hole drilling. Gamma knife radiosurgery was first described in 1951 by Leksell who later applied the technique to treat two patients with intractable cancer pain [32,33]. These patients received a dose of 200 to 250 Gy delivered to the thalamus. The thalamic target was identified indirectly with pneumoencephalography as there was no availability of MRI technology. The autopsy findings in these patients confirmed a well-circumscribed lesion in the posterior thalamus. In the current era, a combination of CT and MRI are performed for the identification of the thalamic target [34,35]. A Leksell G frame is then secured to the patient’s head and with the help of a treatment planning system (e.g., SurgiPlan, Elekta AB), the coordinates are determined. While MRI is employed for identification of the target, there is no further guidance obtained with neurophysiological testing such as the MER. Also there is no macrostimulation employed for either confirmation of tremor suppression or determination of side effects arising from unintended targeting of neighboring structures such as the internal capsule [36].
Characterization of PAGAT dose response upon different irradiation conditions
Published in Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids, 2018
G. Magugliani, G. M. Liosi, D. Tagliabue, E. Mossini, M. Negrin, M. Mariani
Modern radiotherapy techniques such as Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy and Stereotactic Radiosurgery allow the delivery of highly conformal radiation dose distributions. This is achieved by combining very steep dose gradients (1) with very precise relative machine-patient positioning. These techniques therefore allow to better preserve radiosensitive organs and healthy tissues surrounding target volumes from excessive and unwanted radiation exposure.