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Craniofacial Regeneration—Bone
Published in Vincenzo Guarino, Marco Antonio Alvarez-Pérez, Current Advances in Oral and Craniofacial Tissue Engineering, 2020
Laura Guadalupe Hernandez, Lucia Pérez Sánchez, Rafael Hernández González, Janeth Serrano-Bello
In the case of images through SPECT tomography, they provide three-dimensional (tomographic) images of the distribution of radioactive tracer molecules that have been introduced into the patient’s body. 3D images are generated by a computer from a large number of body projection images, recorded at different angles. Scanners for SPECT have gamma camera detectors that can detect gamma ray emissions from tracers that have been injected into the patient Gamma rays are a form of light that moves at a wavelength different from visible light. The cameras are mounted on a rotating gantry that allows the detectors to move in a closed circle around a patient lying on a platform without moving (Phelps 2000).
Automated Diagnosis and Prediction in Cardiovascular Diseases Using Tomographic Imaging
Published in Ayman El-Baz, Jasjit S. Suri, Big Data in Multimodal Medical Imaging, 2019
Lisa Duff, Charalampos Tsoumpas
Positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) are commonly used in cardiology. Radioactive tracers are injected into the body, or in some cases swallowed or inhaled, and the emitted gamma radiation is detected by the scanner. Every tracer serves a different purpose, and its associated process in the body will be highlighted by the emitted radiation. For example, FluoroDeoxyGlucose ([18F]FDG) gathers in areas of high glucose uptake and so highlights area of inflammation or cancer (Figure 4.6). In cardiology, radionuclide imaging can visualise blood flow, damaged muscle tissue and inflammation of the blood vessels [16–18].
Medicine and Biology
Published in Wen-Jei Yang, Handbook of Flow Visualization, 2018
Blood flow can be imaged by tracing amounts of radioisotopes in the flow stream. Both single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) are the methods used [35–38]. The latter is more versatile and is also able to measure metabolism, revealing how well the body is working. Both PET and SPECT depict the distribution of blood into tissue (which absorbs a radioisotope, such as N-13 ammonia or technetium 99-m, from the blood), but PET does so with greater accuracy. The use of radioactive tracers is well suited to investigations of stroke, epilepsy, schizophrenia, and Parkinson’s disease.
Molybdenum-99 from Molten Salt Reactor as a Source of Technetium-99m for Nuclear Medicine: Past, Current, and Future of Molybdenum-99
Published in Nuclear Technology, 2023
Jisue Moon, Kristian Myhre, Hunter Andrews, Joanna McFarlane
Nuclear medicine includes single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography. In nuclear medicine, radioactive tracers are injected in minute quantities into the human body, and the distribution is detected by a gamma-ray camera. The gamma-ray camera involved in the SPECT setup comprises a photon absorption unit with sodium iodide crystal, a signal amplifier with photomultiplier tubes, and a computerized image generator. Technetium possesses beneficial properties for nuclear imaging with the SPECT gamma-ray camera. The 140-keV gamma emission has satisfactory tissue penetration, where 50% of the emission can be absorbed in 4.6 cm of tissue, but yet the energy is low enough to be collimated easily without causing damage to the patient’s body.6
Compartmental analysis of dynamic nuclear medicine data: regularization procedure and application to physiology
Published in Inverse Problems in Science and Engineering, 2019
Fabrice Delbary, Sara Garbarino
Nuclear medicine imaging is a class of functional imaging modalities that utilizes radioactive tracers to investigate specific physiological processes. Such tracers are in general short-lived isotopes that are injected in the subject's blood and linked to chemical compounds whose metabolism is highly significant to understand the function or malfunction of an organ. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) [1] is the most modern nuclear medicine technique, utilizing isotopes produced in a cyclotron and providing dynamical images of its metabolism-based accumulation in the tissues. While decaying, the isotope emits positrons that annihilate with the electrons of the tissue thus emitting two collimated gamma rays. These rays are detected by the PET collimators to provide a rather precise indication of their temporal and spatial origin.