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Antiviral Drugs as Tools for Nanomedicine
Published in Devarajan Thangadurai, Saher Islam, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Viral and Antiviral Nanomaterials, 2022
During the 20th Century, transmittable agents that can cause tumors in chickens and rabbits were identified as rous sarcoma virus (RSV). RSV was the first RNA tumour virus, and shope papillomavirus was the first DNA tumor virus studied for its oncogenic efficiency. In recent years, focus has been given to viruses that can cause human cancers. The role of viruses in human cancer led to identification and characterisation of various oncogenes and tumour-suppressor genes. With the help of these studies, a few generalised principles were deduced as:In the virally associated cancers, long latent periods follow initial infection, indicating that the viruses are not sufficient to cause cancer on their own. During this long latent period, these viruses must be able to survive in the host.The virus-induced cancers do not constitute a natural part of the viral life cycle. However, virally associated cancer cells are like dead-end streets, which are not of any advantage to the virus.The viral properties responsible for the induction of tumors often play critical roles in the life cycle of the virus.
Soluble expression, rapid purification, biological identification of chicken interferon-alpha using a thioredoxin fusion system in E. coli and its antiviral effects to H9N2 avian influenza virus
Published in Preparative Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2019
Jun Zhao, Hai-Yang Yu, Yu Zhao, Feng-Hua Li, Wei Zhou, Bin-Bin Xia, Zhi-Yuan He, Jason Chen, Guo-Tuo Jiang, Ming-Li Wang
Interferons (IFNs) are a large family of cellular glycoproteins that are produced by immune cells and have anti-tumoral, antiviral, and immunomodulatory functions.[1] Among them, chicken interferon-α (ChIFN-α) belongs to type I IFNs and is essential for activating host immune responses against virus infections.[2] To date, chicken interferon-α (ChIFN-α) has been recorded as a powerful antiviral agent in responding to infections induced by Newcastle disease virus (NDV),[3] infectious bronchitis virus,[4] infectious bursal disease virus,[5] Marek’s disease virus,[6] Rous sarcoma virus,[7] and influenza viruses, such as the Avian influenza A/H9N2 virus.[8,9] Moreover, the adjuvant function of rChIFN-α was proved in various models of infection,[10] suggesting the future prospect of rChIFN-α being used for the control of chicken virus infections.