China 
Africa 
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
In Vivo Bone Imaging with Micro-Computed Tomography
Published in de Azevedo-Marques Paulo Mazzoncini, Mencattini Arianna, Salmeri Marcello, Rangayyan Rangaraj M., Medical Image Analysis and Informatics: Computer-Aided Diagnosis and Therapy, 2018
Steven K. Boyd, Pierre-Yves Lagacé
By providing slice images of bone density, QCT allows for the precise and accurate measurement of bone density and geometry, and the discrimination between trabecular and cortical bone. This allows for the development of personalized mechanical models of bones for use in FE models, which allow for the estimation of the mechanical properties of bones and fracture risk. The ability to account for microarchitecture of trabecular bone would further improve the quality and reliability of these estimates. Over the past 20 years, great progress has been made in the development of imaging technologies that are able to resolve trabecular microarchitecture in vivo and in vitro.
Peripheral quantitative computed tomography and micro-computed tomography
Published in C M Langton, C F Njeh, The Physical Measurement of Bone, 2016
QCT is an established technique for determination of bone mineral density in the axial spine and appendicular skeleton such as the forearm and tibia. Unlike DXA, QCT utilizes a transaxial image to allow separate measurement of the true volumetric density (mg/cm3) and cross-sectional area of trabecular and cortical bone without superposition of other tissues and provides exact three-dimensional localization of the target volume.
Chronological-hybrid optimization enabled deep learning for boundary segmentation and osteoporosis classification using femur bone
Published in The Imaging Science Journal, 2023
Kiran Dhanaji Kale, Bharati Ainapure, Sowjanya Nagulapati, Lata Sankpal, Babasaheb Sambhajirao Satpute
Osteoporosis is diagnosed in individuals using the non-invasive process to measure the BMD related to the femur to predict the breaking strength. The risk of fractures is assessed by considering the T-score value and BMD of the bones. Advanced diagnosis of osteoporosis can help prevent such fractures and minimize the impact of this condition; however, the potential for cost-effective therapeutics is minimal [17]. Quantitative Computed Tomography (QCT) is another technique utilized in diagnosing osteoporosis, which permits the acquisition of a three-dimensional geometrical structure of the femur bone and offers a volumetric distribution of BMD (vBMD). This technique is highly sensitive in identifying osteoporosis, although it suffers from increased radiation exposure, high processing time, and cost, limiting its clinical use [18,19]. Several other techniques [20,21] have been developed to acquire improved predictors, such as the Finite Element (FE) approach using DXA, which comprises a two-dimensional proximal femur structure and the BMD distribution to measure the bone strength. These techniques have produced a slight improvement in accuracy and can quantify the bone strength of each individual [22]. Though these methods do not produce accuracy as high as the techniques [23] based on QCT [24], the approaches based on DXA are utilized more commonly in clinical use as they do not cause any interruption in the workflow [19]. Many researchers have established the relationship between bone quality and dental information, based on which techniques to use Panoramic Radiograph (PR) to screen for osteoporosis. The PR-based schemes are highly efficient and cheaper in comparison to the DXA techniques, thus making them a highly effective tool in routine examination [14,16].