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Estrogen and Androgen Blockade for Advanced Prostate Cancer in the Era of Precision Medicine
Published in Shaker A. Mousa, Raj Bawa, Gerald F. Audette, The Road from Nanomedicine to Precision Medicine, 2020
Tetsuya Fujimura, Kenichi Takayama, Satoru Takahashi, Satoshi Inoue
Determination of the therapeutic strategy for breast cancer depends on the expression patterns of ERα, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER 2) in needle biopsy samples [90]. Therapeutic strategies for non-small cell lung cancer are based on mutation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Kirsten murine sarcoma virus (KRAS), or anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) [91]. However, pretreatment diagnosis using the estimated gene expression is not yet prevalent in patients with PC. Molecular diagnosis using immunohistochemistry; fluorescent in situ hybridization; and DNA, RNA, and/or micro-RNA analyses have been discussed in recent articles [92–100]. Studies in which gene sets of SC-like cells, micro-RNA, or cell-cycle progression markers reflect more aggressive diseases are limited to localized PC. A recent study has revealed that of the analysis of mutations, such as ATM Serine/Threonine Kinase (ATM) and Breast Cancer 1/2 (BRCA1/2), or the expression of specific genes can indicate the risk, metastatic potential, or radio sensitivity of PC [100, 101]; however, investigations regarding metastatic PC through molecular diagnosis are limited.
Estrogen and Androgen Blockade for Advanced Prostate Cancer in the Era of Precision Medicine
Published in Shaker A. Mousa, Raj Bawa, Gerald F. Audette, The Road from Nanomedicine to Precision Medicine, 2019
Tetsuya Fujimura, Kenichi Takayama, Satoru Takahashi, Satoshi Inoue
Determination of the therapeutic strategy for breast cancer depends on the expression patterns of ERα, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER 2) in needle biopsy samples [90]. Therapeutic strategies for non-small cell lung cancer are based on mutation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Kirsten murine sarcoma virus (KRAS), or anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) [91]. However, pretreatment diagnosis using the estimated gene expression is not yet prevalent in patients with PC. Molecular diagnosis using immunohistochemistry; fluorescent in situ hybridization; and DNA, RNA, and/or micro-RNA analyses have been discussed in recent articles [92–100]. Studies in which gene sets of SC-like cells, micro-RNA, or cell-cycle progression markers reflect more aggressive diseases are limited to localized PC. A recent study has revealed that of the analysis of mutations, such as ATM Serine/Threonine Kinase (ATM) and Breast Cancer 1/2 (BRCA1/2), or the expression of specific genes can indicate the risk, metastatic potential, or radio sensitivity of PC [100, 101]; however, investigations regarding metastatic PC through molecular diagnosis are limited.
Assessment of Quercetin Isolated from Enicostemma Littorale Against Few Cancer Targets: An in Silico Approach
Published in A. K. Haghi, Ana Cristina Faria Ribeiro, Lionello Pogliani, Devrim Balköse, Francisco Torrens, Omari V. Mukbaniani, Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 2017
Some breast cancers require estrogen to continue growing. They can be identified by the presence of estrogen Receptors (ER) and progesterone Receptors (PR) on their surface (sometimes referred together as hormone receptors).14 These ER cancers can be treated with drugs that either block the receptors, for example, tamoxifen, or alternatively block the production of estrogen.
Environmental chemicals and adverse pregnancy outcomes: Placenta as a target and possible driver of pre- and postnatal effects
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2023
Jing Li, Adrian Covaci, Da Chen
(1) Progesterone receptors (PRs). Progesterone is essential for the establishment and maintenance of human pregnancy, such as regulating maternal immune response and suppression of inflammatory response, improvement of utero-placental circulation (Merlino et al., 2007). DEHP and MEHP could restrain the proliferation of placental cells and promote the progesterone secretion via decreasing the level of PR in mouse placenta and JEG-3 cells (Zhang et al., 2020). BaP impaired decidualization response during early pregnancy, altered expression of decidualization-related factors, induced the down-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), and inhibited decidual angiogenesis. The progesterone-progesterone receptor mediated VEGF-A-VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) signaling pathway plays a key role in this process (Zhao et al., 2014). (2) Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Epidermal growth factor plays a major role in placental implantation, growth and differentiation. In human primary term cytotrophoblast cells models, exposure to bisphenol S at environmentally relevant concentrations reduced human cytotrophoblast syncytialization through the disruption of EGFR signaling (Ticiani et al., 2021).
Systematic review of pregnancy and neonatal health outcomes associated with exposure to e-waste disposal
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2021
Narendra Singh, Oladele A. Ogunseitan, Yuanyuan Tang
Findings of research by Zhou et al. (2013) showed the association between exposure to e-waste and disruption in the levels of sex hormones and homeostasis in pregnant women residing in the e-waste recycling sites in China. Prior to enrollment both the cases and controls confounding factors were alike except for the education level, which was significantly higher in the control group. Results of the study showed that sex hormones levels and oxidative homeostasis in women residing in the e-waste site were significantly different from those of women at the control site. The levels of estradiol and progesterone were expressively higher in the exposed group than those of control. Further, the study found the inverse association between the levels of estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor in the exposed group (p < 0·05). Similarly, the study shows an elevated growth in malondialdehyde and suppression of the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. These elevated levels of hormones in maternal serum and placentas were significantly associated with those in umbilical cords. The obtained findings showed that the e-waste exposed group had significantly disrupted sex hormones and oxidative stress levels than those of women in the control town.
Phthalate esters and dexamethasone synergistically activate glucocorticoid receptor
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2020
Yue Leng, Yonghai Sun, Wei Huang, Chengyu Lv, Jingyan Cui, Tiezhu Li, Yongjun Wang
Exposure to phthalates raises scientific and public concern for fetal development. Furthermore, reproductive and cardiovascular systems are proven to be susceptible to some PAEs and their metabolites.[9] For example, exposure to certain phthalates is associated with testicular dysgenesis syndrome and with an apparent decline in male reproductive health.[10] Many studies also indicate that some PAEs and their metabolites can act as ligands to interact with the endocrine molecular signaling system. Those phthalates disrupt hormonal balance as endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs). For example, DEHP reportedly affects the activities of the progesterone receptor.[11] However, much less attention has been paid to the exposure to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and its action modulations in target tissues.