China 
Africa 
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Tests on Naturally Voided Body Fluids
Published in Robert B. Northrop, Non-Invasive Instrumentation and Measurement in Medical Diagnosis, 2017
Also of diagnostic interest is the relatively rare family of diseases called porphyrias. Any hereditary deficiency in the biosynthesis of one (or more) of the enzymes involved in heme synthesis causes a porphyria disease in which several metabolic precursors to heme are over-produced (e.g., porphyrins, porphobilinogen [PBG], and δ-aminolevulinic acid [ALA]). There are three major categories of porphyria: acute intermittent porphyria (AIP), porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT), and erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) (Merk 2000). The latter two porphyrias affect the skin causing rashes, blistering, and lesions. AIP is the result of low levels of the enzyme, PGB deaminase. AIP does not affect the skin, but rather the central and peripheral nervous systems, causing acute abdominal and organ pain. Tachycardia, muscle weakness, damage to motor and cranial nerves, tremors, seizures, and psychiatric symptoms can occur in individuals with severe AIP.
Toxicology
Published in Martin B., S.Z., of Industrial Hygiene, 2018
Porphyrias are a group of disorders characterized by abnormalities in the heme biosynthetic pathway that result in the abnormal accumulation of heme precursors. Although many porphyrias are genetic disorders of enzymatic activity, acquired porphyria has been observed following exposure to various chemicals. In addition to aluminum and lead, other industrial chemicals have been identified to induce toxic porphyrias. These chemicals include chlorophenols, dioxin, hexachlorobenzene, and vinyl chloride.
Analysis of porphyrin, PETIM and zinc porphyrin dendrimers by atom-bond sum-connectivity index for drug delivery
Published in Molecular Physics, 2023
Rong-Rong Huang, Sahar Aftab, Sadia Noureen, Adnan Aslam
Dendrimers for drug delivery are employed using a nanoconstruct approach. They have evolved into an important class of nanostructured carriers for the progress of nanomedicine in the treatment of a wide range of disorders. Because of their structural diversity and versatility, bacteria have been employed to deliver medications and genes in a number of ways. Porphyrin is required for haemoglobin to function. Heme is a protein found in red blood cells that links to porphyrin, binds iron, and delivers oxygen from the pulmonary system to the body's other organs. To put it another way, our bodies employ porphyrin to create haemoglobin. It is used in the treatment of porphyria (which refers to a category of disorders caused by an increase in the natural chemicals in the body that produce replete porphyrin). To limit the body's natural formation of porphyrin, it is medicated with an ‘injection of hemin’, a heme-like medication.