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Published in Indra J. Das, Radiochromic Film, 2017
Steven J. Goetsch, Andy (Yuanguang) Xu
Leksell’s device, later popularly known as the Leksell Gamma Knife®, was restricted to intracranial use only and required placement of the Leksell Model G stereotactic frame, at first with screws penetrating the skull and later with sharp pins. The only form of neuroimaging available at that time was pneumoencephalography, which required performing a spinal tap and displacing most of the cerebrospinal fluid with air. This was difficult and excruciatingly painful. The air-filled ventricles could then be imaged by anterior–posterior and lateral X-ray films, and the anterior commissure–posterior commissure line could be determined. Previously available brain maps [3] could then be used to determine the stereotactic coordinates (X: lateral, Y: anterior–posterior, and Z: inferior–superior) to direct the beams of gamma radiation to the anatomical site of interest. Thus, only functional disease such as Parkinson’s disease and trigeminal neuralgia could be treated for many years.
Enhanced DWT Filtering Technique for Brain Tumor Detection
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2022
R. Remya, Geetha K. Parimala, S. Sundaravadivelu
Scans are used for diagnosis, which allows doctor to understand whether there is tumor present or not. Tumor’s size and position can be easily identified by scan images. In the early 1900s, pneumoencephalography was developed, it drains the cerebrospinal fluid around the brain and replaced with air, it will be shown better on x-ray, but it seems dangerous to the patient. Then MRI and CT (Computerized Tomography) were developed in 1970s and 1980s [3]. MRI and CT scans will play a major role in medical field. Other categories of scans include SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computerized Tomography), PET (Positron Emission Tomography) and FMRI (Functional MRI scan). Unlike CT scans, MRI scans uses magnetic field and radio waves to produce the detailed image of organs, soft tissues, bone and other internal body organs. Both normal and abnormal tissues are clearly obtained on an MRI image than CT [4].