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Nanosensors for Industrial Applications
Published in Vinod Kumar Khanna, Nanosensors, 2021
They cause pneumococcal disease or pneumococcal pneumonia. They are detected using a microgap device with bacterial decoration by antibody-conjugated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) (Pyo et al. 2017). The sensor chip contains 25 microgap devices. The microgap device, consisting of a pair of interdigitated electrodes (IDEs), with a gap of 1.1 μm between the electrodes, is fabricated by photolithography. The gap is comparable to the size of a S. peneumoniae bacterium, which is 1–1.5 μm, the major axis length of a single cell, and 2–3 μm for diplococci.The microgap device is cleaned, the SiO2 surface is covered with hydroxyl groups in oxygen plasma (Figure 11.24), and immersed in methanol, containing 1% v/v (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxy-silane (APTMS) followed by passivation of the electrodes in 1-dodecanethiol, treatment with pneumococcal C-polysaccharide (PnC) antibody in PBS buffer and then BSA. We get: PnC antibody/Microgap device.The 25-nm diameter AuNPs are synthesized by the citrate reduction method, and thioglycolic acid (TGA) is added to the gold colloid. The mixture is centrifuged and redispersed in PBS. Then, AuNPs are conjugated with PnC antibodies to form AuNP@PnC antibody probes.The microgap device is immersed in S. pneumoniae solution in PBS for 1 h, when the target bacteria are captured by the antibodies on the device, forming: S. pneumoniae/PnC antibody/microgap device.After washing in PBS buffer and drying, the microgap device from step (iv) is immersed in AuNP@PnC antibody probes solution for 1 h, when AuNPs are decorated on the bacteria surface to form: AuNP@PnC antibody probes/S. pneumoniae/PnC antibody/Microgap device.Streptococcus pneumoniae sensing by microgap device with bacteria decorated on antibody-conjugated gold nanoparticles (Pyo et al. 2017).
The impact of exercise training on the lipid peroxidation metabolomic profile and respiratory infection risk in older adults
Published in European Journal of Sport Science, 2019
Diana Silva, Eduardo Arend, Silvia M. Rocha, Alisa Rudnitskaya, Luís Delgado, André Moreira, Joana Carvalho
Furthermore, the type of respiratory infection agent can also have an impact; a study evaluating the urinary metabolite change during pneumococcal pneumonia showed a different profile from subjects with viral pneumonia (Slupsky et al., 2009) and use of urine-based-metabolomic profile in children with RIs in the emergency department allowed not only to differentiate those with infection, but also length of hospitalization and viral versus bacterial infection (Adamko, Saude, Bear, Regush, & Robinson, 2016) Age, fitness, presence of chronic disease can also act as confounders. The observed metabolite pattern cannot, therefore, be generalized to other populations, namely, children and young adults. However, further use and assessment of a metabolomic profiling of RIs might be an important tool to assess the response to infection and define a susceptibility profile.