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Cell Physiology
Published in Wei-Shou Hu, Cell Culture Bioprocess Engineering, 2020
The enzyme catalyzing the penultimate step of glycolysis, pyruvate kinase, has three isozymes in mammalian systems. The muscle isozyme is expressed as either of two splice variants, M1 or M2. Both muscle isoforms of PK are activated by phosphoenolpyruvate, but only PKM2 is also activated by F16BP. The M1 isoform is mostly expressed in adult tissues, whereas the M2 isoform is expressed in rapidly growing tissues, such as fetal and tumor tissues, and is also thought to be a critical player in the transformation leading to cancer.
The emergence of nanoporous materials in lung cancer therapy
Published in Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 2022
Deepika Radhakrishnan, Shan Mohanan, Goeun Choi, Jin-Ho Choy, Steffi Tiburcius, Hoang Trung Trinh, Shankar Bolan, Nikki Verrills, Pradeep Tanwar, Ajay Karakoti, Ajayan Vinu
pSi is mostly given via the systemic administration and the detailed investigations of pSi as an injectable nano vector either in the form of suspension or powder are rare. The potential application of pSi for molecular targeting has also been explored in various ways through systemic administration. The specific synthetic small interfering RNA (siRNA) which targets (M2 isoform of pyruvate kinase, PKM2) the glycolytic pathway of lung cancer cells was loaded on the surface of the pSi. Loading the siRNA into the pSi reduces the drawbacks associated with direct siRNA delivery, like sensitivity to nuclease degradation and reduced permeation in cells due to its negative charge. Loading of siRNA on the surface of the pSi was achieved after the PEGylation of the surface by electrostatic adsorption. 95% of the loaded siRNA was released within 30 minutes of the administration, indicating a burst release profile (Figure 5B) that could be reduced by PEGylation [223]. Promising results on albumin coated pSi for the drug delivery of paclitaxel also substantiate the use of pSi as a drug delivery carrier in lung cancers [224]. It was claimed that the albumin coating increased the diffusion resistance and decreased the dissolution rate of pSi.
Using intracellular metabolic profiling to identify novel biomarkers of cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury in NRK-52E cells
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2022
Hae Ri Kim, Jae Hyeon Park, Song Hee Lee, Seung Jun Kwack, Jaewon Lee, Suhkmann Kim, Sungpil Yoon, Kyu-Bong Kim, Byung Mu Lee, Sam Kacew, Hyung Sik Kim
CDDP purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and used immediately. Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEN), fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin and streptomycin, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were purchased from Gibco Invitrogen Corporation (Carlsbad, CA, USA). Primary antibodies against SIRT1, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), and selenium binding protein-1 (SBP1) were obtained from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA). Anti-pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) antibody was purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA); primary antibodies against Bcl-2, Bax, acetyl CoA synthetase 1 (AceCS1), AceCS2, p53, clusterin, clabindin, KIM-1, and β-actin were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX, USA). Horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated secondary anti-mouse and anti-rabbit IgG antibodies were obtained from Novus Biologicals (Centennial, Colorado, USA) and GeneTex (Alton Pkwy, Irvine, CA, USA), respectively. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5, diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.