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Health Effects
Published in Wayne T. Davis, Joshua S. Fu, Thad Godish, Air Quality, 2021
Wayne T. Davis, Joshua S. Fu, Thad Godish
In addition to the increased risk of premature death, smokers have higher morbidity rates. Before clinical disease is manifested, smokers usually suffer the discomfort of excessive coughing and phlegm production, and hoarseness.
Critical Review of the Relationship Between Passive Exposure to Cigarette Smoke and Cardiopulmonary Disease
Published in Richard B. Gammage, Stephen V. Kaye, Vivian A. Jacobs, Indoor Air and Human Health, 2018
They include acute responses such as: increases in carboxyhemo-globin (COHb), heart rate and blood pressure (6,10); decreases in exercise capacity, platelet sensitivity and pulmonary function (6,7,10,11); and acute manifestations of clinical illnesses such as respiratory infections, attacks of asthma and decreased duration of exercise before onset of anginal pain (3,6,12,13). Involuntary smoking has been associated with symptoms of chronic respiratory disease such as chronic cough, phlegm, wheeze and dyspnea, with diagnoses such as chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma and with chronic obstructive lung disease. (3,12-15) There is much less information about passive smoking and mortality from nonmalignant cardiopulmonary diseases but a few reports have been presented (16,17).
Aerosols
Published in Sue Reed, Dino Pisaniello, Geza Benke, Principles of Occupational Health & Hygiene, 2020
Linda Apthorpe, Jennifer Hines
The potential for adverse health effects arising from occupational exposure to diesel particulate has been the subject of intense scientific debate for many years. Part of this debate is attributed to the way diesel fuel and its subsequent exhaust composition have changed over the years. It is challenging to predict health effects of a substance that has changed so intensely over time. A detailed critical review of this research is provided in the AIOH Position Paper Diesel Particulate Matter and Occupational Health Issues (AIOH, 2017). This document should be consulted for detailed information on the health effects of diesel particulate. However, the following general statements about adverse health effects can be made: Diesel particulate has the potential to irritate the mucous membranes of the eyes and respiratory system, and cause neurophysiological symptoms such as headaches, light-headedness, nausea and vomiting.There is evidence of non-malignant respiratory disease, including increased levels of coughing and phlegm, and some evidence of altered pulmonary function.Animal and epidemiological studies link exposure to DPM from traditional diesel engines (pre-2007) with an increased risk of lung cancer, and to a lesser extent bladder cancer.The combined gaseous and particulate emissions, as ‘diesel engine exhaust’, have been classified as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) (IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2012).The level of potency of DPM has been subject to intense scientific discussion without a definitive answer currently being available.
Factors associated with respiratory symptoms among herbicide applicators and assistant applicators in maize field
Published in Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health, 2022
Sutthinee Sidthilaw, Ratana Sapbamrer, Chaicharn Pothirat, Klintean Wunnapuk, Supakit Khacha-ananda
Our results also found that respiratory diseases were associated with runny nose without fever, cough, phlegm, cough with phlegm and wheeze. These results were in agreement with the result from a study in Greece indicating that the farmers exposed to herbicides had a higher risk of allergic rhinitis than non-farmers (adj. OR = 3.2, 95% CI = 1.2–8.6).24 This might be due to the fact that these symptoms were found in cases of respiratory disease. Respiratory diseases were defined as chronic diseases of the airways and other structures associated with the lungs. The symptoms of respiratory diseases might be triggered by pesticide exposure through the dermal and respiratory route.14,25 When irritation of the airways is triggered by pesticides and other irritants, a reversible inflammatory change of the bronchial mucosa may occurred.14,15
Epidemiology of respiratory diseases and associated factors among female textile workers in Pakistan
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2022
Muhammad Khan, Kashif Muhmood, Shumaila Noureen, Hafiz Zahid Mahmood, Rafi Amir-ud-Din
According to Equation (2), the dose–response function measures the relationship between the respiratory illnesses in cotton textile workers and levels of dust in textile mills. In this model, the dependent variables are diseases, e.g., byssinosis, phlegm, blood phlegm, chronic cough and wheezing. While some studies use health conditions such as cough, phlegm, wheezing, dyspnea, chest pain and breathlessness as a dichotomous variable, byssinosis corresponds to multiple stages. Therefore, in the case of byssinosis, the dependent variable is defined as the categorical variable (0, 1, 2, 3), i.e., 0 = no byssinosis, 1 = occasional chest tightness on Monday, 2 = frequent chest tightness on Monday only and 3 = chest tightness on Monday and other days.
Changes in lung function and respiratory symptoms during pesticide spraying season among male sprayers
Published in Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health, 2020
Ratana Sapbamrer, Sakesun Thongtip, Supakit Khacha-ananda, Nalin Sittitoon, Klintean Wunnapuk
The standardized interview form included detailed information about personal information, agricultural works, and respiratory symptoms during the pesticide spraying season. The questions on personal information included age, education status, smoking status, and alcohol consumption. The questions on agricultural works included years of farming experience, size of farm, types of plantation, and tasks on farm, types of pesticide applications, and PPE usage during the pesticide spraying. Respiratory symptoms during the pesticide spraying season (cough, runny nose, phlegm, dry throat, nose irritation, weakness, and breathlessness) were noted.