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Ecology
Published in Yeqiao Wang, Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biodiversity, 2020
Individual plants demonstrate important degrees of phenotypic variation, which must be considered in comparative studies. No two individuals of the same species exhibit the same final shape or functional features, regardless of how similar the genotypes of two individuals may be.[9] Part of this variation is due to phenotypic plasticity, that is, the capacity of a given genotype to render different phenotypes under different environmental conditions, and part is due to other reasons (ontogenetic stage, developmental instability). Plants of the same chronological age can be ontogenetically different, so interpretation of differences in phenotypic traits will depend on whether comparisons are made as a function of age, size, or developmental stage.
Glossary of scientific and technical terms in bioengineering and biological engineering
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Scientific and Technical Terms in Bioengineering and Biological Engineering, 2018
Phenotypic plasticity is the variation in the phenotype of individuals with similar genotypes due to differences in environmental factors during development. For example, cod in areas with red algae develop a reddish color.
Assessing climate change impacts on North American freshwater habitat of wild Atlantic salmon - urgent needs for collaborative research
Published in Canadian Water Resources Journal / Revue canadienne des ressources hydriques, 2023
Carole-Anne Gillis, Valerie Ouellet, Cindy Breau, Danielle Frechette, Normand Bergeron
Adaptive phenotypic plasticity distinguishes genetic effects (threshold) from environmental effects (cue). To a large extent, life history decisions are dictated by the individual energetic status in salmon as the energetic requirement for the smolting process is energetically costly and strongly influenced by environmental conditions (Buoro, Gimenez, and Prévost 2012). The individual response to environmental changes by means of phenotypic plasticity, trait transmission, and genetic adaptation result in trade-offs for energetic allocations. Under high environmental stochasticity but low predictability, phenotypic plasticity did not allow demographic responses to adjust to environmental fluctuations (Reed et al. 2010). The study quantitatively demonstrated that phenotypic plasticity is a possible mechanism by which populations can maintain stable population dynamics over time if there is some environmental predictability (also see Caswell 1983).