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Valproate-Induced Rodent Model of Autism Spectrum Disorder: Immunogenic Effects and Role of Microglia
Published in Raj Bawa, János Szebeni, Thomas J. Webster, Gerald F. Audette, Immune Aspects of Biopharmaceuticals and Nanomedicines, 2019
Prabha Awale, James C. K. Lai, Srinath Pashikanthi, Alok Bhushan
According to The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition [3], the formally separate diagnostic entities (i.e., autistic disorder, Asperger’s disorder, pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified) have been merged into a single dimension, ASD. ASD share two core features: (i) deficits in social behaviors and communications and (ii) restricted interests and repetitive patterns of behavior [3]. Furthermore, a new diagnostic category, namely social communication disorder, has been added to depict patients with deficits in social communications but not exhibiting repetitive behaviors or restricted interests [3]. Because this review chapter primarily focuses on the valproate-induced rodent model of ASD and the immunogenic effects and role of microglia therein, the etiology, pathogenesis, and pathophysiology of ASD as well as the immunogenic mechanisms underlying ASD will only be very summarily mentioned.
Pesticides and Chronic Diseases
Published in William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel, Reversibility of Chronic Disease and Hypersensitivity, Volume 4, 2017
William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel
In older children, attention problems such as ADHD, reduced overall IQ, and other conditions including autism spectrum disorder and pervasive developmental disorder are more common in children who had higher levels of organophosphate or DDT/DDE exposure during pregnancy. Typically, statistically significant health effects are seen primarily in children with the highest 20%–25% of exposure. On the other hand, there are rarely unexposed control groups, which may result in underestimation of the risk of ADHD. Some studies of ADHD and autism associated with prenatal exposure have higher relative risks in the 6.0–7.0 range. Knapp528 studied 30-year-olds from a birth cohort in the United Kingdom and found that both males and females diagnosed with attention deficit at age 10 had “lower employment rates, worse jobs, lower earnings if employed, and lower expected earnings overall.” Children diagnosed with ADHD also have a much higher likelihood of engaging in criminal behavior as adults, with high attendant social costs.529 They also suffer earlier death than those without ADHD, perhaps (as found in a longitudinal cohort, now in midlife) because they start smoking at a younger age and are more likely to continue binge drinking as they age.530
Applications of IoT to Address the Issues of Children Affected by Autism Spectrum Disorders
Published in B.K. Tripathy, J. Anuradha, Internet of Things (IoT), 2017
Hrudaya Kumar Tripathy, B.K. Tripathy
ASDs are the most widespread neurodevelopmental disorders. Diagnosing children with ASD has become a challenging task for many therapists all over the world. It is a cluster of developmental disorders consisting of different categories such as pervasive developmental disorder, classic autism, and Asperger’s syndrome. The intensity of symptoms in ASD ranges from moderate to severe, depending on the behavioral part of the child. Research on the activities of autistic children observed that their less effective involvement in social interaction and imagination, language and communication skill, imagining things and stereotype behavior became more difficult to make them what they did not understand. There are so many symptoms of this pervasive disorder and the ASD covers all the impairments mentioned above.
A systematic review of online personalized systems for the autonomous learning of people with cognitive disabilities
Published in Human–Computer Interaction, 2023
In the third step, we selected only articles on neurodevelopmental disorders. We added to the search query related keywords of neurodevelopmental disorder as follows: (personalization OR adaptation OR accessibility) AND (e-learning systems OR technology enhanced learning OR special education OR assistive technology) AND (Asperger’s disorder OR autism spectrum disorder OR Rett’s disorder OR pervasive developmental disorder OR attention deficit hyperactivity disorder OR specific learning disorder OR reading disorder OR writing disorder OR calculation disorder OR dyslexia OR intellectual disability OR mental retardation OR communication disorders OR language disorder OR speech disorder OR social disorder). We then followed the same procedure of the first step. Finally, we performed a backward citation search by looking for papers cited in the review papers and that matched our inclusion criteria. The final list of relevant publications consisted of 36 articles.
Metabolomics profiling of valproic acid-induced symptoms resembling autism spectrum disorders using 1H NMR spectral analysis in rat model
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2022
Hyang Yeon Kim, Yong-Jae Lee, Sun Jae Kim, Jung Dae Lee, Suhkmann Kim, Mee Jung Ko, Ji-Woon Kim, Chan Young Shin, Kyu-Bong Kim
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a state of neurodevelopmental deterioration characterized by limited and repetitive behavioral patterns and defects in social communication and interaction, including autism, Asperger’s syndrome, pervasive developmen-tal disorder (PDD), and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) (Baron-Cohen et al. 2009). As ASD is a serious behavioral disorder that occurs within 3 years after birth, early identification and intervention of ASD is one of the most important factors to improve the outcome of treatment in individuals affected by this disease (Dawson et al. 2012). However, early diagnosis of ASD is difficult; thus, many children miss the optimal time to start treatment. In the United States, the number of children with ASD has increased since 1992; more than 7-fold in 2010. Decades ago, the prevalence of ASD was one affected individual per 10,000 subjects, but this number is rising by 11–17% annually. In this regard, in 2001, the World Health Organization (WHO) proclaimed ASD a serious issue, and the scientific interest in ASD has evolved to major areas, including pedagogy, psychology, and neurobiological research (Kiseleva et al. 2020).
Child-Robot Interaction in a Musical Dance Game: An Exploratory Comparison Study between Typically Developing Children and Children with Autism
Published in International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 2021
Jaclyn A. Barnes, Chung Hyuk Park, Ayanna Howard, Myounghoon Jeon
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by socio-communication impairments and repetitive behaviors and interests. The current definition of ASD encompasses what had previously been referred to as autistic disorder, Asperger’s disorder, and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified in the previous fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) (American Psychiatric Association, 2000; 2013). The symptoms of autism always appear in early childhood, although they may not be recognized as related to the condition until much later. The manifestations of ASD vary widely from individual to individual, hence the term spectrum. ASD frequently co-occurs with other conditions including anxiety, depression, ADHD, and intellectual disability (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). It is suspected that ASD is caused by a combination of genetics and environmental factors, but the clear causes of ASD are currently unknown.