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Fatigue Experienced by Cytology Screeners Reading Conventional and Liquid Based Slides
Published in Philip D. Bust, Contemporary Ergonomics 2006, 2020
The “Pap” smear test has traditionally been used to screen women for abnormal changes in the cells of the cervix. This method is now being replaced by Liquid Based Cytology (LBC) techniques, which when piloted resulted in increased reports of fatigue by cytology screeners. The nature and extent of this discomfort on the larger population of cytology screeners is as yet, undetermined. This working group is exposed to a higher risk of visual and physical fatigue due to the static and repetitive nature of their work and also the high level of required visual concentration. These issues may need to be addressed to maintain the high quality and reliability of the Cervical Screening Programme. Proposed research to compare the visual and physical fatigue of cytology screeners’ when screening LBC and conventional slides is currently undergoing ethical approval.
Cervical Dysplasia Diagnosis with Fluorescence Spectroscopy
Published in Mary-Ann Mycek, Brian W. Pogue, Handbook of Biomedical Fluorescence, 2003
Rebecca Richards-Kortum, Rebekah Drezek, Karen Basen-Engquist, Scott B. Cantor, Urs Utzinger, Carrie Brookner, Michele Follen
Pap smears are obtained by scraping the ectocervix with a wooden or plastic spatula and the endocervix with a brush, thus obtaining specimens from both areas at risk. Each specimen is placed on a glass slide and treated with cytological fixative. Patients are asked to have their smears performed mid-menstrual cycle and asked to not douche or have intercourse for the preceding 24 hours because such activity can wash cells away. Sampling during the menstrual cycle would place endometrial and blood cells on the slide, obscuring the diagnostic cells.
Reproduction, development and work
Published in Chris Winder, Neill Stacey, Occupational Toxicology, 2004
Cancer of the cervix is very common in women in the 30–50 year age group. Risk factors include increased sexual activity with many sexual partners, multiple pregnancies, sexually transmitted diseases and frequent cervical inflammation. The pap smear (Papanicolaou stain test) is a diagnostic test by which cells of the cervix are removed and examined for the presence of premalignant or malignant cells. The risk of cervical cancer can be reduced by periodic (every 1–2 years) pap smears in women in the age risk group.
Three stage cervical cancer classifier based on hybrid ensemble learning with modified binary PSO using pretrained neural networks
Published in The Imaging Science Journal, 2020
Sanjay Kumar Singh, Anjali Goyal
As indicated by the information accessible from GLOBOCAN 2018, cervical malignant growth is the fourth most regular disease in ladies around the world, furthermore, the second most normal in low-and middle-income nations [1]. Cervical cancer starts in the cervix, lower and narrow part of the uterus. A Pap test is used to prevent cervical cancer by evaluating the cervix to identify abnormal cell changes [2]. In this test, a specimen is collected from the cervix and spread to a glass plate called Pap smear. Doctors under microscope supervision analyse the changes in the cells to find malignant cells and predict stages of cancer. As no symptoms are found in women at the early stage of cervical cancer [3], it is very difficult to prevent it at the early stages. American Cancer Society's estimates about 13,240 new cervical cancer cases as a result of this, 4170 women may die from cervical cancer only in the United States in 2018 [3].
Classification of adeno carcinoma, high squamous intraephithelial lesion, and squamous cell carcinoma in Pap smear images based on extreme learning machine
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging & Visualization, 2021
Andriyan Bayu Suksmono, Riries Rulaningtyas, Kuwat Triyana, Imas Sukaesih Sitanggang, Anny Setijo Rahaju, Etty Hary Kusumastuti, Ahda Nur Laila Nabila, Rizkya Nabila Maharani, Difa Fanani Ismayanto, Alfian Pramudita Putra
Pap smear is generally performed as an early detection of cervical cancer. Through the Pap smear image, abnormal cell growth can be identified which is the forerunner to cancer. This is what makes the importance of early examination of Pap smear where it can prevent the occurrence of more severe cancers. Examination of cervical cancer from Pap smear results usually takes a long time. This is because medical practitioners still rely on visual observations in the analysis of the results of Pap smear so that the results are subjective. Therefore, we need a program that can help the classification process in establishing a diagnosis of cervical cancer with high accuracy results.