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Screening and Pharmacological Management of Neuropathic Pain
Published in Suvardhan Kanchi, Rajasekhar Chokkareddy, Mashallah Rezakazemi, Smart Nanodevices for Point-of-Care Applications, 2022
Manu Sharma, Ranju Soni, Kakarla Raghava Reddy, Veera Sadhu, Raghavendra V. Kulkarni
Neuropathic pain management requires a focused approach to recognize the cause and alleviate the symptoms of neuropathic pain. Comorbidities like anxiety, depression, stroke, diabetes, herpes infection, etc. are severe and persistent in nature and associated with injury to the nervous system [26]. It is also necessary to identify suitable secondary treatments of these diseases to improve the quality of life. The primary aim of pain management is to make pain tolerable. Various pharmacological interventions along with neuromodulation, nerve block, psychological and physical therapies are commonly used in neuropathic pain management.
Handling time-varying confounding in state transition models for dynamic optimization of adaptive interdisciplinary pain management
Published in IISE Transactions on Healthcare Systems Engineering, 2018
Aera LeBoulluec, Nilabh Ohol, Victoria Chen, Li Zeng, Jay Rosenberger, Robert Gatchel
Pain management's goal is to minimize the pain outcome to improve the quality of life for patients suffering from chronic pain. In the past, this was met with little success, as pain management focused mainly on the physical side and patients were treated by only analgesic (pain-killing) medications. Improvements were made as theories eventually evolved from single-cause to multi-cause explanations. As a result, adjuvant therapies (additional treatments to the primary analgesic treatment), which were designed for other medical conditions, were introduced to treat pain. Due to the complexities of pain, an interdisciplinary team of professionals, such as anesthesiologists, physical therapists, psychologists, etc., is assembled to create personalized pain management programs. These programs offer broad forms of treatments and utilize multiple disciplinary components, depending on the type of pain and a patient's response to the treatment. Application of interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary pain management has introduced novel approaches, such as cognitive behavioral treatment and other non-pharmacological treatments, for cases where medication does not alleviate the pain to a desired level. In addition, some medications have been discovered to provide better pain relief than analgesics (Schatman and Campbell, 2007; Gould, 2007). There are a growing number of studies that indicate the integration of interdisciplinary/multidisciplinary pain management programs has promising effectiveness on pain management. For example, Flor et al. (1992) reviewed the result of 65 studies which supports the efficacy of multidisciplinary pain management centers. In a more specific study, Kames et al. (1990) gave evidence that the application of an interdisciplinary pain management program provided noticeable chronic pelvic pain reduction. A study by Olason (2004) applied an interdisciplinary pain management program to focus more on increasing a patient's ability to function and eliminate analgesics in a rehabilitation clinic. Applying physiotherapies within a cognitive behavioral framework was shown to be successful by Eccleston and Eccleston (2004). Consequently, multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary pain management practices are being developed widely (Main and Spanswick, 2000; Gatchel, 2005; Schatman and Campbell, 2007; Gould, 2007; Gatchel et al., 2007). This has led to the use of cognitive behavioral or non-pharmacological treatments, which are prescribed when analgesic medications cannot manage pain or provide a desired level of pain relief (Schatman and Campbell, 2007; Gould, 2007; Gatchel, 2005; D'Arcy, 2007; Gatchel and Okifuji, 2006).