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The Emergence of “Magnetic and Fluorescent” Multimodal Nanoparticles as Contrast Agents in Bioimaging
Published in Wolfgang Sigmund, Hassan El-Shall, Dinesh O. Shah, Brij M. Moudgil, Particulate Systems in Nano- and Biotechnologies, 2008
P. Sharma, A. Singh, S.C. Brown, G.A. Walter, S. Santra, S.R. Grobmyer, E.W. Scott, B.M. Moudgil
Some examples of multimodal imaging agents are found on the market and many more are expected to become available in the near future. Commercially available Gadolinium (Gd) chelates,29,30 gadolinium oxide microspheres,31,32 and iron nanoparticles33 have been evaluated as contrast agents for MRI/CT. From our research group, Gd-doped fluorescent core nanoparticles have been demonstrated as a contrast agent for MRI/CT/OI.34,35 Others have combined CT with PET via the use of multimodal agents. PET provides functional and metabolic information, whereas CT provides information about anatomical details with high spatial resolution.36 PET/CT imaging is being increasingly used for clinical diagnosis, monitoring cancer staging and treatment.37,38μCT and bioluminescence imaging have been used together in a murine model to detect early tumor-bone destruction, demonstrating an effective combination of high sensitivity and quantitative morphological estimation.39
Advances in treatment planning
Published in Jing Cai, Joe Y. Chang, Fang-Fang Yin, Principles and Practice of Image-Guided Radiation Therapy of Lung Cancer, 2017
Imaging with PET and PET/CT provides sensitive, quantifiable and accurate molecular information on the biology and extent of many tumors. The most commonly used radiopharmaceuticals as PET tracers in radiation oncology is fluorodeoxyglucose, of which a wide range of cancers have higher uptake than nearby normal tissues [116]. Noninvasive evaluation of hypoxia levels in NSCLC has been performed with F-18 fluoromisonidazole (FMISO) PET, copper-60-diacetylbis (N4-methylthiosemicarbazone; Cu-60 ATSM) and with (18) F-fluoroazomycin arabinoside ((18)F-FAZA)PET [117–120].
Hypertension and Correlation to Cerebrovascular Change: A Brief Overview
Published in Ayman El-Baz, Jasjit S. Suri, Cardiovascular Imaging and Image Analysis, 2018
Heba Kandil, Dawn Sosnin, Ali Mahmoud, Ahmed Shalaby, Ahmed Soliman, Adel Elmaghraby, Jasjit S. Suri, Guruprasad Giridharan, Ayman El-Baz
PET-CT scanners can be used to observe metabolic processes and capture 3-D images, and have been used to detect cancer, determine blood flow to the heart, evaluate normal and abnormal brain structures and function, etc., [30]. SPECT can be used in conjunction with a CT scanner (SPECT-CT) to acquire anatomical and functional data, which can correct for errors due to abnormal uptake of the radiotracer [30], [50].
Digital PET/CT with 18F-FACBC in early castration-resistant prostate cancer: our preliminary results
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2022
Luca Filippi, Oreste Bagni, Orazio Schillaci
All the patients underwent PET/CT with 18F-FACBC according to present imaging guidelines [15]. All patients fasted for at least 4 hours before PET/CT scan and were asked to avoid any significant physical exercise 24 hours prior to the scan. Whole body PET/CT scan was performed, from the skull base to the proximal thigh, starting at 3–5 minutes after the intravenous (i.v.) injection of 370 MBq of 18F-FACBC. PET/CT scans were performed with a digital Biograph Vision PET/CT system (Siemens Healthcare; Erlangen, Germany). A CT scan from proximal thigh to skull base was performed with slice thickness of 1.0 mm, pitch factor 1, bone, and soft tissue reconstruction kernels and maximum of 120 keV and 90 mAs by applying CARE kV and CARE Dose. After CT scanning, a whole-body PET (proximal thigh to skull base) was acquired at 3–5 min post tracer administration in 3D (matrix: 440 × 440) with a zoom factor of 1.0. Digital PET was acquired on a Siemens Biograph Vision 450 with an axial FOV of 197 mm using continuous-bed motion (FlowMotion®) with a bed speed of 0.9 mm/s (equivalent to approximately 2 min/bed position). Reconstruction was conducted with a TrueX + TOF algorithm and Gauss-filtered to a transaxial resolution of 2 mm at FWHM (full width at half maximum). Attenuation correction was performed using the low-dose non-enhanced computed tomography data.
Liminal innovation practices: questioning three common assumptions in responsible innovation
Published in Journal of Responsible Innovation, 2018
In contrast with the first assumption, research projects and developments in medical technology are not typically focused on the development of radically novel technology. Rather, the simple addition of another variable – whether spatial, temporal, contextual, or technological – can lead to the emergence of a technological innovation. cEEG, for instance, consists of a new application of an existing technology. Instead of having the EEG record one moment in time or at intervals, it now records continuously for 72 hours. Other examples of ‘new application, old technology’ can occur by combining two existing technologies. For example, combining a positron emission tomography (PET) scanner with a computed tomography (CT) scanner led to the creation of the PET-CT. This development, in turn, helped spark the combination of PET (functional imaging) with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI, soft tissue morphological imaging), from which the PET-MRI emerged.