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Sustainable Pre-treatment Methods for Downstream Processing of Harvested Microalgae
Published in Kalyan Gayen, Tridib Kumar Bhowmick, Sunil K. Maity, Sustainable Downstream Processing of Microalgae for Industrial Application, 2019
Hrishikesh A. Tavanandi, A. Chandralekha Devi, K. S. M. S. Raghavarao
Use of polyethylene glycol (PEG) solutions as a novel solvent has been increasing due to their wide applications in analytical chemistry. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved PEG for internal consumption because of its benign characteristics. PEGs of lower molecular weight are biodegradable, non-volatile and have low flammability, unlike organic solvents. On the other hand, PEGs have been found to be stable to acid, base, high temperature, high oxidation and reduction systems. In addition, PEG is miscible with water and organic solvents. PEGs have been found to be more advantageous over ionic liquids in several aspects such as lower cost, low toxicity and non-halogenated. Thus, it is a preferred solvent for aqueous two-phase systems for sample preparation, mainly in separating analytes (Bulgariu and Bulgariu 2008; Griffin et al. 2006) and cloud point extraction (Liang et al. 2009; Zhilong Wang et al. 2008). The application of PEG aqueous solution as a green solvent in MAE was developed for the extraction of flavone and coumarin compounds from medicinal plants by (Zhou et al. 2011). In the extraction process, yield decreases with the increasing molecular weight of PEG, which could be due to the viscosity of PEG with increasing molecular weight.
SARTRES: a semi-autonomous robot teleoperation environment for surgery
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging & Visualization, 2021
Md Masudur Rahman, Mythra V. Balakuntala, Glebys Gonzalez, Mridul Agarwal, Upinder Kaur, Vishnunandan L. N. Venkatesh, Natalia Sanchez-Tamayo, Yexiang Xue, Richard M. Voyles, Vaneet Aggarwal, Juan Wachs
The ground truth scenario evaluates the accuracy of the execution module when the surgemes (high-level commands) are received in their totality. In this case, the execution success of surgemes is evaluated only when the previous surgemes of the same trial were successful. In other words, when a surgeme execution fails during testing, the trial stops and no subsequent surgemes in the trial are considered. For this reason, the number of trials evaluated per f. Table 5 shows the performance of the surgeme execution module over the ground truth scenario. Results show an average success of 98% per surgeme, for all robotic platforms. Furthermore, the average success of the entire peg transfer trial was 86.6% (all the surgemes in one trial must be performed correctly).
Recent advances of polymer based nanosystems in cancer management
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2023
Chetan Janrao, Shivani Khopade, Akshay Bavaskar, Shyam Sudhakar Gomte, Tejas Girish Agnihotri, Aakanchha Jain
PEG is frequently utilized in the administration of several therapeutic agents due to its high biocompatibility. The PEGylation is suggested to enhance particle delivery mechanisms and thus lengthening the circulation lives. It is FDA approved polymer which is nontoxic and has less immunogenicity. The addition of PEG to pharmaceuticals offers a successful method for enhancing the therapeutic activity of the molecules by changing their physical, chemical, and biological characteristics [167]. PEG coating helps decrease the off-target toxicity of the drugs. PEGylated PLGA nanoparticle containing DOX offer a controlled and targeted release. Additionally, lowered risk of cardiomyopathies and enhanced effect in cancer treatment with good patient compliance [168].