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Detection of P300 and Its Applications
Published in Narayan Panigrahi, Saraju P. Mohanty, Brain Computer Interface, 2022
Narayan Panigrahi, Saraju P. Mohanty
The P300 is an event-related potential (ERP) endogenous component that has a positive deflection that occurs in the electroencephalogram (EEG) recorded from the scalp and typically elicited approximately 300 ms after the presentation of an infrequent stimulus (such as a visual, auditory, or somatosensory event) (Donchin et al 2000). The specific set of circumstances for eliciting a P300 is known as the oddball paradigm, which consists of presenting a target stimulus amid more frequent standard background stimuli. Under this paradigm, a P300, among other ERPs, is unconsciously elicited every time a subject's brain detects the target stimulus (the rare event). In fact, the P300 is a reasonable input signal, with desirable properties and stability to control brain computer interfaces (BCIs) (Klobassa et al 2009), applications requiring precise real-time detection as well as memory and computation optimization (Hoffmann et al 2008; Pires et al 2011). The feature vector dimensionality reduction has been a popular choice to achieve these goals within the BCI community because it decreases the complexity of classifiers (Krusienski et al 2008). A reduced P300 amplitude is an indication of the broad neurobiological vulnerability that determines disorders within the externalizing spectrum.
Study and Analysis of the Visual P300 Speller on Neurotypical Subjects
Published in Mridu Sahu, G. R. Sinha, Brain and Behavior Computing, 2021
Mridu Sahu, Vyom Raj, Shreya Sharma, Samrudhi Mohdiwale
It has been seen that the P300 ERP, generated by the EEG of external stimuli, can be useful to distinguish the target stimuli. In the past, P300 was widely used for lie detection and has been legalized for its wide applications. The signal P300 is measured by the use of electrodes that are placed in the parietal lobe of the brain. Since the beginning of researching P300, it was discovered that P300 has two subcomponents: P3a and the classic P3b.The P3a has a peak latency of 250–280 ms and is associated with attention as well as involuntary shifts to changes in the environment. While the P3b has a peak latency between 250–500 ms and is related to cognitive processes, such as psychology research and how demanding a task is for cognitive workload [11]. The effect of the P300 speller on neurotypical or normal subjects opens a plethora of opportunities for improvements in modern day BCI devices. In the dataset we used, high accuracy has been obtained when the patients used the P300 speller to spell a word after just five minutes of training. This paves the way for more rigorous training and using the P300 speller in a wide range devices, where the need of verbal communication can be eliminated [16].
Evaluation and Management of Neurotoxicity in Occupational Illnesses
Published in Lucio G. Costa, Luigi Manzo, Occupatinal Neurotoxicology, 2020
The assessment of event-related potentials may provide an additional measure of early neurotoxic effects in occupational health studies. Studies of workers meeting criteria for mild solvent encephalopathy (type 2A/2B, as described in Chapter 1), have shown significant delayed latency in the P300 components of the event-related potentials.33 P300 is known to be generated in response to meaningful stimuli, such as infrequent and unpredictable events. Increased latency of the P300 has typically been associated with a variety of organic disorders and head injury. P300 may represent a valuable marker of central nervous system dysfunction unconfounded by affective or motivational factors.33 P300 latencies were slightly prolonged in steel smelting workers exposed to manganese.34
The CoDIS Taxonomy for Brain-Computer Interface Games Controlled by Electroencephalography
Published in International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 2023
Gabriel Alves Mendes Vasiljevic, Leonardo Cunha de Miranda
P300 is a event-related potential (ERP) that is elicited when the subject is presented with an odd stimulus among several similar stimuli (Abiri et al., 2019). Its name is related to the fact that the potential is positive and is generated approximately 300 ms after the odd stimulus (De Venuto et al., 2016). Similarly to the SSEP, the P300 can also be elicited using visual, auditory or somatosensory stimuli (Käthner et al., 2013; Ortner et al., 2014; Ziebell et al., 2020), and it is a commonly used application for spellers (called P300 spellers), enabling communication for patients with locked-in syndrome (Abiri et al., 2019). Motion-onset evoked potentials (MoEP) are also time-locked ERPs, and are elicited approximately 200 ms after the evoking stimulus due to its motion (Kuba et al., 2007). Visually-evoked MoEPs are especially suitable for gaming (Beveridge et al., 2019), but auditory-evoked MoEPs (Zhang et al., 2023) are also theoretically possible to be employed for gaming control in the same sense.
Cumulative effects of subsequent concussions on the neural patterns of young rugby athletes: data from event-related potentials
Published in Research in Sports Medicine, 2023
Karim Bennys, Germain U. Busto, Jacques Touchon
Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) are an attractive candidate. They consist of a series of electroencephalographic (EEG) waves, non-invasively recorded on the scalp, reflecting specific cognitive tasks performed by individuals in response to sensory stimuli. The P300 wave is an ERP that could be induced by an auditory oddball task (two-stimulus discrimination) taking the shape of a large positive wave within a few milliseconds (~250–500 ms). P300 is considered as an objective measure and a clinically useful index of cognitive function with P300 amplitude reflecting the quality of information processing and P300 latency directly associated with cognitive capabilities (Goodin et al., 1994; Polich & Herbst, 2000). The P300 complex is divided into two subcomponents: a “P3a” component generated in the frontal cortex, involved in focal attention and mediated by dopaminergic pathways; a most studied P3b component generated from the temporoparietal junction and posterior parietal cortex, involved in context-updating working memory and decisional processes, mediated by the locus-coeruleus pathway (Bennys et al., 2007, 2011).
Cognitive functions of shift workers: paramedics and firefighters – an electroencephalography study
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2021
Sylwia Sumińska, Kamila Nowak, Barbara Łukomska, Hanna B. Cygan
Differences in the P300 potential in the N-back task were observed in the group of paramedics. The amplitude of the potential was higher in both sessions, which took place after work, i.e., after a day and night shift, than on the day off. Many factors were proven to affect the P300 potential, e.g., degree of attention engagement and stimulus significance. The amplitude of the potential is higher when more cognitive resources are involved in stimulus processing [29]. The higher amplitude of the potential after work observed in the study suggests that doing the tasks after work required more focus of attention and greater engagement of cognitive resources than on the day off. The results comply with the ones obtained for the α band, which suggests greatest desynchronization after a night shift, related to deeper stimulus processing.