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Hypoxia-Responsive Nanomedicines
Published in Lin Zhu, Stimuli-Responsive Nanomedicine, 2021
Federico Perchea, Kanjiro Miyata
Hypoxia, low oxygen tension, is a critical regulator of metabolism in both normal and diseased tissues. In normal conditions, oxygen gradients are essential for the maintenance of adult stem cells. In diseased conditions, ectopic activation of hypoxia-regulated pathways is associated with chronic inflammation and supporting cancer cell proliferation. Accordingly, hypoxia-responsive nanomedicines have been developed to assess hypoxic status and to counter effects of aberrant hypoxia. This chapter provides a current view of hypoxia-responsive nanomedicines and possible perspectives.
Blood Chemistry Measurement
Published in John G. Webster, Halit Eren, Measurement, Instrumentation, and Sensors Handbook, 2017
The oxygen delivered, however, is not the oxygen delivered to the tissue. Some oxygen is transpired through the skin. The transpired oxygen allows an alternative approximation measurement of arterial oxygen tension. The more common oxygen tension measurement is arterial oxygen tension. Oxygen tension can be measured electrochemically, transcutaneously, or optically. The techniques are listed in the following text.
Oxygen: a new look at an old therapy
Published in Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 2019
Richard Beasley, Diane Mackle, Paul Young
Mammals have evolved respiratory systems to efficiently extract oxygen from the atmosphere to enable the delivery of oxygen to the cells (Hsia et al. 2013). The concentration of oxygen in the cells is a fraction of that in the atmosphere as a consequence of a physiological cascade in which serial step reductions in oxygen tension occur from ambient air, through pulmonary, cardiac, macrovascular and microvascular systems into the cell. This cascade results from anatomical and physiochemical barriers which create successive oxygen partial pressure gradients through diffusion of oxygen in the lung, binding of oxygen to haemoglobin in the blood, distribution to distant sites through the vasculature, dissociation of oxygen from haemoglobin, and then diffusion into cells.