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Communication: Language and Speech
Published in Frank H Hawkins, Harry W Orlady, Human Factors in Flight, 2017
Frank H Hawkins, Harry W Orlady
A common middle ear disease (otosclerosis) is characterised by the deposit of new bone or calcium material on the bony elements which are responsible for sound transmission, sometimes blocking their movement altogether. More common is deafness due to infections of the middle ear. These sometimes cause an accumulation of fluid which dampens movement of sound transmission components of the middle ear. Recurring infections of the middle ear (otitis media) can cause an increase in fibrous tissue and loss of flexibility of these components and occasionally perforations of the eardrum. Various surgical operations can be applied to correct many deficiencies of the middle ear. All such sources of interference with the transmission of sound waves through the outer and middle ears are called conduction deafness.
Disorders of Hearing
Published in Anthony N. Nicholson, The Neurosciences and the Practice of Aviation Medicine, 2017
Linda M. Luxon, Ronald Hinchcliffe
The treatment of acute otitis media requires pain relief, re-establishment of eustachian tube function using nasal drops, inhalations or decongestants, mucolytics and the prescription of systemic antibiotics. The drug of choice is amoxycillin or, in cases of sensitivity to penicillin, erythromycin. Myringotomy is indicated if the drum is bulging. In recurrent acute otitis media, a focus of infection within the upper respiratory tract should be sought, while persistent otitis media with effusion requires the exclusion of naspharyngeal malignancy (Ho et al., 2008). The aim of treatment of chronic suppurative otitis media is to eliminate infection using antibiotics, and, when the ear is healthy, repair aural damage such as a perforated ear drum or damage to the ossicles, which may prevent reinfection and improve sound transmission (Robinson, 1998; Raglan, 2003). Conductive hearing loss caused by otosclerosis or the hereditary osseous dysplasias may be managed conservatively using hearing aids, or surgically by stapedectomy. The procedure carries a small risk of complication of late sudden sensorineural hearing loss, and for this reason stapedectomy has historically not been undertaken in both ears, although recent work has shown more promising results (Kujala et al., 2008).
Artificial Intelligence in Disease Diagnosis via Smartphone Applications
Published in P. Kaliraj, T. Devi, Artificial Intelligence Theory, Models, and Applications, 2021
Acute otitis media is a painful type of ear infection that is caused by bacteria or virus pathogens. The pathogens cause inflammation and infection in the area behind the eardrum called the middle ear. An improved technology called smart “diary app” was developed to find a case study of acute otitis media. Usually, the common infectious diseases cannot detect by the healthcare services and won’t attract the attention much like other chronic diseases. But this technology can accurately estimate the disease burden caused by these pathogens. Simultaneously this “diary apps” could also be used in the evaluation of vaccine technologies to detect both the diseases caused and side effects of vaccine used (Annemarijn et al. 2017).
Isolation and Characterization of Human Foot Crack–Associated Bacterium, Pseudomonas Otitidis, and Its Biological Propensity
Published in Smart Science, 2019
Govindasamy Balasubramani, Kathiravan Induja, Dilipkumar Aiswarya, Paramasivam Deepak, Dhayalan Arul, Mathialagan Kavitha, Vadivelu Amutha, Pachiappan Perumal
Pseudomonas otitidis is a new Pseudomonas species that has recently been recognized in association with otic infections in humans, including acute otitis externa, acute otitis media, and chronic suppurative otitis media [40]. The susceptibility of P. otitidis was previously investigated with several antimicrobial agents, including aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, macrolides, β-lactams, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and polymyxin B, and overall, the behavior of this species appeared to be similar to that of P. aeruginosa [40]. However, of β-lactams, only piperacillin was tested, while no information is available on the susceptibility of this species to antipseudomonal cephalosporins, aztreonam, and carbapenems. In consideration of all these findings, this is the first report on Pseudomonas otitidis from the human foot crack. And hence it could form a platform to the future researchers to combat the susceptibility over the antibiotic as well as the some other clinical with this active interaction to the host.
Polymeric middle ear prosthesis enriched with silver nanoparticles – first clinical results
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2019
Magdalena Ziąbka, Katarzyna Malec
Both titanium and polymer prostheses are endowed with very good properties and functions. They come in a large range of shapes and are successfully applied in the middle ear surgery. However, none of them offers antibacterial function that is the main advantage of the Otoimplant prosthesis. Bactericidal properties are a crucial factor as the risk of postoperative ear infections and resulting ossicles destruction is still high. Approximately 60–82% of the patients of ear clinics suffer from ossicular chain damage [11]. Some authors have revealed that Gram-negative bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa are the most common organisms found in chronic otitis media [12,13]. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to show the first clinical results of a new middle ear prosthesis endowed with the antibacterial function against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
May allergy have a role in primary or recurrent otitis media in Egyptian pediatric patients: a prospective study
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2021
Mohammed El-Shahat, Asser ElSharkawy, Doaa Shahin, Ghada Barakat, Waleed Moneir
Otitis media with effusion (OME) is defined as chronic inflammation of the middle ear mucosa characterized by fluid storage behind an intact tympanic membrane (TM) within the middle ear space without signs or symptoms of an acute ear infection [1]. It is one of the most common causes of childhood hearing loss that leads to surgical intervention [2]. The etiology of OME has various factors. The most common pathogeneses are the Eustachian tube dysfunction and the immature function of the immune system. One of the most influencing factors is age. The peak influenced age group is between 2 and 5 years [3]. Allergy also plays an important role in the pathogenesis of the OME as it causes triggered obstruction of the Eustachian tube [4,5].