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Laser Processing and On-Line Monitoring for Biomedical Applications
Published in Savaş Kaya, Sasikumar Yesudass, Srinivasan Arthanari, Sivakumar Bose, Goncagül Serdaroğlu, Materials Development and Processing for Biomedical Applications, 2022
Guoqing Hu, Xuan Wang, Jingwen He, Jie Yang, Feng Zhao
Refractive error, cataracts, and glaucoma are the most common ophthalmic diseases of all of humankind (Liu et al. 2021; Jivrajka et al. 2012; Li et al. 2014; Liang et al. 2009; Williams et al. 2015; Sacks et al. 2000; Grewal et al. 2015). As one of the most classic refractive errors, myopia affects ~30% of the whole world population and it’s believed that it will reach approximately 50% by 2050 (Ruiz-Pomeda et al. 2020). Similarly, the incidence of the other three types of refractive error (i.e. hyperopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia) is also not optimistic. The cataract is an ophthalmic disease with the highest rate of blindness, while surgery is the most effective method to heal it (Grewal et al. 2015; Nagy et al. 2009). Glaucoma is also the primary cause of blindness in the world (Sacks et al. 2000). Therefore, except for effective precautions, damage-free, high-efficiency, and high-precision treatment is extremely urgent.
Development of Ophthalmic Formulations
Published in Sandeep Nema, John D. Ludwig, Parenteral Medications, 2019
Paramita Sarkar, Martin Coffey, Mohannad Shawer
Many new ophthalmic drug delivery technologies that offer potential advantages are currently available, and more will be discovered in the near future. However, the development of a new ophthalmic drug or new ophthalmic drug delivery technology is an expensive and time-consuming project. Therefore, the decision of whether or not to develop a new formulation will continue to be based on the added value that a new product will offer to the patient. A new technology may offer more comfortable, less-invasive treatment of a disease, less frequent dosing of a product, or safer, more effective treatment of a particular indication.
Imaging the Living Eye
Published in Margarida M. Barroso, Xavier Intes, In Vivo, 2020
Brian T. Soetikno, Lisa Beckmann, Hao F. Zhang
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is one of the most successful ophthalmic imaging technologies of the past two decades. First reported by Huang et al. (1991), OCT revolutionized both fundamental investigation and clinical care of a wide variety of ocular diseases. Here, we briefly review the basic concepts of OCT before discussing more recent technology development, such as OCT angiography and visible-light OCT.
Recent advances in imaging technologies for assessment of retinal diseases
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2020
Taha Soomro, Neil Shah, Magdalena Niestrata-Ortiz, Timothy Yap, Eduardo M. Normando, M. Francesca Cordeiro
In recent years, the integration of AO with multiple ophthalmic imaging techniques such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) has increased both contrast and resolution with great success. Transverse resolution has improved from 10–15 μm to ~2 μm, allowing assessment of individual retinal cell types such as retinal ganglion cells, photoreceptors and the retinal pigment epithelium [46].
Application of OCT for osteonecrosis using an endoscopic probe based on an electrothermal MEMS scanning mirror
Published in International Journal of Optomechatronics, 2021
D. Wang, J. Zhang, L. Liu, Z. Yan, P. Wang, Y. Ding, H. Xie
Osteonecrosis is a clinical urgent problem, which often occurs after femoral neck fracture. With the accelerated aging of the population, the number of osteonecrosis incidences increases significantly in recent years[1]. Knowing the status of the blood supply in the femoral head is very important for determining if osteonecrosis occurs or not, especially in the surgical treatment of hip screw fixation. If the blood supply can be monitored noninvasively and the measured blood supply level is low, the treatment can be adjusted to direct hip replacement and the secondary surgery will be avoided. Therefore, to find a real-time noninvasive diagnostic method is critical for osteonecrosis treatment. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an imaging technique that uses the basic principle of low-coherence interferometry to detect various biological tissues, and it has been widely used in the diagnosis of ophthalmic and cardiovascular diseases[2,3]. In recent years, OCT has been applied to many other medical fields, including urology, neurology and orthopedics[4]. In the area of orthopedics, OCT is mainly used to detect degeneration of articular cartilage, and a large amount of articular cartilage degeneration observations have been reported in the literature[5–8]. However, the application of OCT to assess blood flow in bones has not yet been reported. Currently, there are a variety of methods that can be used to evaluate bone blood flow rates, such as Dynamic Enhancement MRI[9,10], Laser Doppler Flowmetry (LDF)[11], Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA)[12], Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET)[13]. However, Dynamic Enhancement MRI cannot be used during surgical operation; DSA is an invasive examination; and SPECT and PET are expensive and radioactive. LDF is real-time and easy to use, but it can only measure a small volume (typically within 1 mm3), and it cannot measure the distribution of blood flow within the bone structure.